The spatial and temporal signatures of word production components

doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2002.06.001

Cognition

Volume 92, Issues 1–2, May–June 2004, Pages 101-144

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2002.06.001 Get rights and content

Abstract

This paper presents the results of a comprehensive meta-analysis of the relevant imaging literature on word production (82 experiments). In addition to the spatial overlap of activated regions, we also analyzed the available data on the time course of activations. The analysis specified regions and time windows of activation for the core processes of word production: lexical selection, phonological code retrieval, syllabification, and phonetic/articulatory preparation. A comparison of the word production results with studies on auditory word/non-word perception and reading showed that the time course of activations in word production is, on the whole, compatible with the temporal constraints that perception processes impose on the production processes they affect in picture/word interference paradigms.

Section snippets

The functional organization of word production

Producing spoken words, whether in isolation or in the context of a larger utterance, involves an extensive neural network. In a recent meta-analysis of 58 neuroimaging studies of word production, Indefrey and Levelt (2000) found that the main components of this network, defined as cerebral regions showing statistically distinguishable activation in word production tasks, are largely left-lateralized. In addition, different regions of activation appeared to be involved with different functional

Cerebral regions involved in word production and perception – a meta-analysis

The meta-analysis by Indefrey and Levelt (2000) identified a set of cerebral areas related to the core processes of word production. In the present paper, the focus is on cerebral areas that are possibly involved in the interaction of word production and perception. This means that in addition to the set of areas involved in word production we seek to identify areas that are active both in word production and perception. To this end, the present meta-analysis covers a large number of studies

The time course of cerebral activations during word production

So far, we have seen that neural structures subserving core processing components of word production are also activated in word perception. This spatial overlap may play a role in a neural explanation for interactions between the two pathways, for example by minimizing relay times for the exchange of information. Temporal overlap, however, is much more crucial. Psycholinguistic effects like the interference of semantically related distracter words with the selection of the target lemma in word

Conclusions

The spoken language user constantly operates a dual system, perceiving and producing utterances. These systems not only alternate, but in many cases they partially or wholly operate in concert. Levelt (2001) reviewed some of the experimental evidence demonstrating effects on utterance production that are caused by concomitant perceptual input. The two systems not only operate in concert, but they interact in specific ways at different levels of processing. These facts, it was argued, can be

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View full text

The spatial and temporal signatures of word production components

Abstract

Section snippets

The functional organization of word production

Cerebral regions involved in word production and perception – a meta-analysis

The time course of cerebral activations during word production

Conclusions

Time course of activating brain areas in generating verbal associations

Psychological Science

Where is the length effect? A cross-linguistic study of speech production

Journal of Memory and Language

The neural substrate for concrete, abstract, and emotional word lexica: a positron emission tomography study

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

Human temporal lobe activation by speech and nonspeech sounds

Cerebral Cortex

Function of the left planum temporale in auditory and linguistic processing

Brain

Functional magnetic resonance imaging of human auditory cortex

Annals of Neurology

Regional cerebral blood flow during object naming and word reading

Human Brain Mapping

Explicit and implicit processing of words and pseudowords by adult developmental dyslexics. A search for Wernicke's Wortschatz?

Brain

Dissociation of human prefrontal cortical areas across different speech production tasks and gender groups

Journal of Neurophysiology

Lexical access in speech production

How many levels of processing are there in lexical access?

Cognitive Neuropsychology

Brain correlates of memory processes in patients with dementia of Alzheimer's type – a SPECT activation study

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism

Cortical regions associated with perceiving, naming, and knowing about colors

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

Conceptual perspective and lexical choice in acquisition

Cognition

The visual word form area. Spatial and temporal characterization of an initial stage of reading in normal subjects and posterior split-brain patients

Brain

Intersubject variability in functional neuroanatomy of silent verb generation: assessment by a new activation detection algorithm based on amplitude and size information

NeuroImage

Comprehending spoken language: a blueprint of the listener

A neural basis for lexical retrieval

Nature

Semantic and phonological cues interact in single word production

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition

Effects of semantic context in the naming of pictures and words

Cognition

Die Halluzination. Eine Störung von Gehirn und Geist

Nervenheilkunde

Auditory hallucinations inhibit exogenous activation of auditory association cortex

NeuroReport

A spreading-activation theory of retrieval in sentence production

Psychological Review

Lexical access in aphasic and nonaphasic speakers

Psychological Review

The anatomy of phonological and semantic processing in normal subjects

Brain

Functional magnetic resonance imaging assessment of the human brain auditory cortex response to increasing word presentation rates

Journal of Neurophysiology

Activation of Heschl's gyrus during auditory hallucinations

Neuron

A new brain region for coordinating speech articulation

Nature

Picture naming without Broca's and Wernicke's area

NeuroReport

Comparison of magnetic and metabolic brain activity during a verb generation task

NeuroReport

Masked priming of word and picture naming: the role of syllabic units

Journal of Memory and Language

Identification of two pathways used for verbal response selection

Effects of lexicality, frequency and spelling-to-sound consistency on the functional anatomy of reading

Neuron

PET activation of posterior temporal regions during auditory word presentation and verb generation

Cerebral Cortex

PET studies of auditory and phonological processing – effects of stimulus characteristics and task demands

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

The trouble with cognitive subtraction

NeuroImage

Levels of processing in sentence production

The time-course of picture-word interference

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance

Cortical localization of temporal lobe language sites in patients with gliomas