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Basic Theistic Belief

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2020

Bredo C. Johnsen*
Affiliation:
University of Houston, University Park, Houston, TX, 77004U.S.A.

Extract

In several recent writings and in the 1980 Freemantle Lectures at Oxford, Alvin Plantinga has defended the idea that belief in God is ‘properly basic,’ by which he means that it is perfectly rational to hold such a belief without basing it on any other beliefs. The defense falls naturally into two broad parts: a positive argument for the rationality of such beliefs, and a rebuttal of the charge that if such a positive argument ‘succeeds,’ then a parallel argument will ‘succeed’ equally well in showing that belief in the Great Pumpkin is properly basic. (It is taken as obvious that ‘the Great Pumpkin objection,’ unrebutted, would constitute a reductio ad absurdum of the claim that the positive argument had succeeded in proving anything at all.) In this essay I shall argue both that Plantinga has partially misconceived the objection, and that he has not succeeded, indeed cannot succeed, in rebutting it, for the objection does in fact constitute a reductio ad absurdum of his position. For the sake of ease of exposition, I shall first provide a bare sketch of the positive argument, though I shall discuss it directly only as it bears on the attempted reductio.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Authors 1986

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References

1 Plantinga, AlvinIs Belief in God Properly Basic?Nous 15 (1981). 4151CrossRefGoogle Scholar (cited as BGPB); Plantinga, AlvinReason and Belief in God,’ in Plantinga, Alvin and Wolterstorff, Nicholas eds., (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press 1984), 1493Google Scholar (cited as RBG); Plantinga, AlvinOn Reformed Epistemology,’ Reformed Journal 32 (April 1982), 1317Google Scholar

2 In the absence of some independent specification of what counts as a basic belief (beyond merely being a belief that is not based on any other beliefs). this condition will be satisfied trivially by all non-basic beliefs (assuming, as Plantinga does, the transitivity of the based-on relation).

3 Plantinga ignores, and therefore I shall only mention in passing, a faintly odd complication: it would appear on this view that ‘God exists’ is (loosely speaking) properly basic for someone only so long as that person is in some circumstance in which some particular theistic belief is, strictly speaking, properly basic.