RussianSymmetry and asymmetry of semantic structure of polysemous words “holiday” and “workdays”
Liberal Arts in Russia. 2022. Vol. 11. No. 5. Pp. 382-391.
Get the full text (Russian) Email: olgakasymova@yandex.ru Abstract
This article is devoted to the antonyms “holiday” and “workdays” in the comparative aspect. These are multiple-meaning words that represent the same-name concepts in their direct meaning. The aim of the research is to study the semantic structure of the antonyms that verbalize meaningful for the Russian linguistic culture concepts through their direct meaning. The derived meanings of the multiple-meaning words “holiday” and “workdays” serve as a means of nomination for several interrelated concepts. The hypothesis of the research is as follows: the closeness of the concepts united by one lexeme is based on the ontological closeness of the referents or closeness of our mental interpretation of this or that phenomenon, that is why we witness the symmetry in the meaning of the antonyms and ways of their development, they possess their own typology and chronotope, they include the semes ‘labor’, ‘time’, ‘emotions’, ‘color’, ‘participants’. The asymmetry is seen in the separate “branches” of the meaning development, it is found in the fact that the word “workday” does not have the semes ‘attribute’ and ‘sound’. The material for the research includes the examples from the Russian National Corpus. The methods of the research include dictionary definitive analysis, as well as component and contextual analysis. Expansion in the meaning of the words “holiday” and “workdays” has been noted, in this case, they can correlate with a certain number of denotations, this usage can be regarded as a way of eurysemy. Erasure of the lexical meaning of the word occurs when using the words “holiday” and “workdays” as a name for different objects.
Keywords
- • antonyms
- • holiday
- • workdays
- • lexical meaning of a word
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