Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-t5pn6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T07:56:39.264Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Financial Crisis Fatigue? Politics behind Japan's Post-Global Financial Crisis Economic Contraction

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 May 2013

SAORI N. KATADA*
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, University of Southern California

Abstract

Despite a relatively healthy financial sector, the Japanese economy contracted 6.3% in 2009 during the global financial crisis (GFC) after the Lehman shock, the starkest drop among the OECD countries. Since then, the Japanese economy has been slow to recover, although the Japanese government has implemented multiple economic stimulus packages with a high aggregate value.

By tracing the Japanese government's response to the GFC in the critical months of October 2008 through the end of 2009, this study argues that the Japanese government failed to manage the crisis decisively due to institutional constraints derived, ironically, from the experiences that Japan gained from a series of financial crises in the 1990s and 2000s. Financial crisis fatigue constrained the supply of Japan's fiscal and monetary measures against the GFC and slowed political response. Furthermore, it made Japanese society unresponsive to these measures.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abidin, M. Z. (2010), ‘Fiscal Policy Coordination in Asia: East Asian Infrastructure Investment Fund’, ADBI Working Paper 232, Asian Development Bank Institute, Tokyo, www.adbi.org/working-paper/2010/07/30/3973.fiscal.policy.coordination.asia/.Google Scholar
Amyx, Jennifer (2004), Japan's Financial Crisis: Institutional Rigidity and Reluctant Change, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Asian Development Bank (2008), Asian Economic Monitor, December 2008, http://aric.adb.org/pdf/aem/dec08/Dec_AEM_complete.pdf.Google Scholar
Bank of Japan (BOJ) (2008), ‘Tokurei sousai kishakaiken on 19 December 2008’ (Special Press Conference of the BOJ Governor), www.boj.or.jp/announcements/press/kaiken_2008/.Google Scholar
Bank of Japan (BOJ) (2009a), ‘Retugo tokuyakutuke kashituke kihon youryou’ (Guidance for Subordinated Loans), www.boj.or.jp/finsys/psloans/ryoryo1.htm/.Google Scholar
Bank of Japan (BOJ) (2009b), ‘Tankan gaiyou 2009 nen 3 gatu’ (General Outline of Tankan, March 2009), www.boj.or.jp/statistics/tk/gaiyo/2006/tka0903.pdf.Google Scholar
Bank of Japan (BOJ) (2010), ‘Tokurei sousai kishakaiken on 28 October 2010’ (Special Press Conference of the BOJ Governor), www.boj.or.jp/announcements/press/kaiken_2010/kk1010d.pdf.Google Scholar
Board of Audit (2011), ‘Kokko hojokin tou ni yori todoufukenntou ni settchi zousei sareta kikin ni tuite’ (About the Projects Installed and Established in Prefectures by the Governmental Supplemental Budget), www.jbaudit.go.jp/report/new/summary22/pdf/fy22_zuiji_03.pdf.Google Scholar
Cabinet Office (2011), ‘Nihon Keizai 2011–12’ (Japanese Economy 2011–12), www5.cao.go.jp/keizai3/2011/1221nk/n11_3/n11_3_2.html#col3_2.Google Scholar
Cabinet Office (2006), ‘Keizai zaisei unei to kouzou kaikaku ni kansuru kihon houshin 2006’ (2006 Basic Plan for Economic and Fiscal Management and Structural Reform), www.kantei.go.jp/jp/singi/keizai/kakugi/060707honebuto.pdf.Google Scholar
Cabinet Office (2009a), ‘Keizaikiki taisaku’ (Economic Crisis Measures), www.kantei.go.jp/jp/asophoto/2009/04/090410kikitaisaku.pdf.Google Scholar
Cabinet Office (2009b), ‘Ashita no anshin to seichou no tameno kinkyu keizai taisaku’ (Emergency Economic Measures for Growth and Peace of Mind Tomorrow), www.npu.go.jp/policy/pdf/1208kinkyuukeizaitaisaku.pdf.Google Scholar
Cabinet Office (2010a), ‘Endaka, defure taiou no tameno kinkyu sougou keizai seisaku’ (Emergency Economic Stimulus Package of support for the Yen-deflation), www.kantei.go.jp/jp/keizaitaisaku2010/keizaitaisaku_step2.pdf.Google Scholar
Cabinet Office (2010b), ‘Teigaku Kybukin Anketo’ (Questionnaires in Relation to the Tax Rebate), www5.cao.go.jp/keizai3/kyufukin.html.Google Scholar
Cabinet Office (2011), ‘Keizai Zaisei Hakuso’ (Economic and Fiscal White Paper).Google Scholar
Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) (2008), ‘Japan Finance: Collateral Damage’, EIU ViewsWire, 28 October 2008.Google Scholar
EIU (2010), ‘Japan Economy: Stimulus Report Card’, EIU ViewsWire, 19 January 2010.Google Scholar
Economist (2008), ‘Decoupling Debate: Emerging Markets’, Finance and Economics Section, The Economist, 8 March 2008.Google Scholar
European Central Bank (2009), Monthly Bulletin, October 2009.Google Scholar
Gourevitch, Peter (1986), Politics in Hard Times: Comparative Responses to International Economic Crises, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Grimes, William W. (2009), ‘Japan Confronts the Global Economic Crisis’, Asia Pacific Review, 16 (2): 4254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haggard, Stephan and Kaufman, Robert (1995), The Political Economy of Democratic Transitions, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Holroyd, Carin L. and Momami, Bessma (2012), ‘Japan's Rescue of the IMF’, Social Science Japan Journal, 15 (2): 201–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
IMF (2009), ‘2009 Article IV Consultation with Japan: Concluding Statement of the IMF Mission’, 20 May 2009, www.imf.org/external/np/ms/2009/052009.htm.Google Scholar
Japan Center for Economic Research (2009), ‘Tokubetsu Repoto: Seifu no Keizaikiki taisaku no kouka’ (Special Report: The Impacts of the Japanese Government's Economic Measures), 27 April 2009.Google Scholar
Kabashima, Ikuo and Steel, Gill (2010), Changing Politics in Japan, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Khatiwada, Sameer (2009), ‘Stimulus Packages to Counter Global Economic Crisis: A Review’, Discussion Paper (DP/196/2009), International Institute for Labour Studies.Google Scholar
Kawai, M. and Takagi, S. (2009), ‘Why was Japan Hit So Hard by the Global Financial Crisis?’, ADBI Working Paper 153, Asian Development Bank Institute, Tokyo, www.adbi.org/working-paper/2009/10/05/3343.japan.gfc/.Google Scholar
Kojima, Akira (2009), ‘Japan's Economy and the Global Financial Crisis’, Asia-Pacific Review, 16 (2): 1525.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacIntyre, A., Pempel, T. J., and Ravenhill, J. (eds.) (2008), Crisis as Catalyst: Asia's Dynamic New Political Economy, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2009), Gaikou seisho, Chapter 1 (Diplomatic Blue Paper), www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/oda/shiryo/hakusyo/09_hakusho/honbun/b1/s1_1.htm.Google Scholar
Ministry of Finance (MOF) (2009), ‘Riman shokku gono keizai kinyuukiki ni okeru zaisei touyushi no taiou’, Report, July, 2009.Google Scholar
Park, Gene (2010), ‘The Politics of Budgeting in Japan: How Much Do Institutions Matter?’, Asian Survey, 50 (5): 965–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prasad, Eswar and Sorkin, Issac (2009), ‘Assessing the G-20 Economic Stimulus Plans: A Deeper Look’, March, Brookings Institution, www.brookings.edu/research/articles/2009/03/g20-stimulus-prasad.Google Scholar
Reinhart, Carmen and Rogoff, Kenneth (2009), This Time is Different: Eight Centuries of Financial Folly, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Sharma, Shalendra D. (2010), ‘Japan, China, South Korea, and India: Why No Immunity from the Subprime Credit Crisis?’, Asian Affairs: An American Review, 37 (4): 211–31.Google Scholar
Sheard, Paul (2009), ‘Japan and the Global Financial Crisis’, Global Asia, 4 (1) (Spring): 2832.Google Scholar
Shimizu, Katsutoshi (2011), Kokusai kiki to kinyu shijo: Nihon no zaisei unei eno inpakuto (Japanese Government Bond Crisis and the Financial Market: The Impact on Japan's Fiscal Management), Tokyo: Nihon keizai shimbun shuppansha.Google Scholar
Shirai, Sayuri (2009), ‘Cross-Border Investment and the Global Financial Crisis in the Asia-Pacific Region’, UNESCAP Working Paper, WP/09/04.Google Scholar
Shirakawa, Masaaki (2008), ‘Global Financial Crisis and Policy Responses by the Bank of Japan,’ Speech to the Board of Councillors of Nippon Keidanren (Japanese Business Federation) in Tokyo, 22 December, 2008. (available at http://www.boj.or.jp/en/announcements/press/koen_2008/data/ko0812d.pdf).Google Scholar
Sommer, Martin (2009), ‘Why Has Japan Been Hit So Hard by the Global Recession?’, IMF Staff Position Note, SPN/09/05, www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/spn/2009/spn0905.pdf.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Takayama, Shin (2009), ‘Koko saidai no keizai taisaku de takamaru keiki fuyou kitai to risuku’ (The Heightened Expectations and Risks Arising from the Largest Economic Measures), Keizai Rebyu, No. 2009–7, Tokyo Mitsubishi UFB Bank.Google Scholar
Takayama, Shin (2010), ‘Nihon kokusai no kokunai shouka kouzou ha itumade iji dekirunoka’ (How Long can Japan Sustain its Domestic Absorption of the Japanese Government Bond?), Keizai Rebyu, No. 2010–8, Tokyo Mitsubishi UFB Bank.Google Scholar
Toya, Testuo (2006), Kinyu Bigu Ban no Seiji Keizaigaku: Kinyu to Kokyou seisaku sakutei ni okeru seidohennka (The Political Economy of the Japanese Financial Big Bang: Institutional Change in Finance and Public Policy Making), Tokyo: RIETI.Google Scholar
Ueda, Kazuo (2009), ‘Solving Japan's Economic Puzzle’, Far Eastern Economic Review, May 2009.172. 4951.Google Scholar
Vollmer, Uwe and Bebenroth, Ralf (2012), ‘The Financial Crisis in Japan: Causes and Policy Reactions by the Bank of Japan’, The European Journal of Comparative Economics, 9 (1): 5177.Google Scholar
World Bank (2010), Emerging Stronger from the Crisis: East Asia and Pacific Economic Update 2010, vol. 1, Washington, DC: World Bank.Google Scholar
Yosano, Kaoru (2009), ‘Statement by the Hon. Kaoru Yosano Minister of Finance of Japan and Governor of the IMF for Japan at the Nineteenth Meeting of the International Monetary and Financial Committee Washington, DC’, 25 April 2009, www.imf.org/external/spring/2009/imfc/statement/eng/jpn.pdf.Google Scholar
Yoshida, Akihiko (2009. ‘London Summit: Kinyu keizai kiki kokufuku he muketa kokusai kyocho no torikumi (London Summit: International Cooperation toward Overcoming the Financial and Economic Crisis)’, Finance. May 2009: 2–5.Google Scholar