Skip to main content
Log in

More than a Woman? Embodiment and Sexual Difference in Medical Law

  • Case Law
  • Published:
Feminist Legal Studies Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This article examines law’s representation of embodied female identity in the context of two medical law cases, R. v. Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, ex parte Blood andB v. Croydon Health Authority. Through an examination of contemporary critiques of female embodiment, in particular the work of Judith Butler, two discursive strategies are suggested for their potential to reconfigure the sexed subject within legal discourse. Firstly, the act of transgression – the flight from purportedly fixed subject positions – can be read in the case of Bloodand calls into question law’s ability to contain and sustain sexed identity as prediscursive and immutable. Secondly, the exposure of the historical formation of the female subjects of legal discourse, demonstrated through a genealogical reading of B v. Croydon Health Authority, contributes to the feminist theoretical project to destabilise traditional gender categories and enables us to think beyond the category of ‘Woman’.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

REFERENCES

  • Biggs, H., “Madonna Minus Child. Or-Wanted: Dead or Alive! The Right to Have a Dead Partner's Child”, Feminist Legal Studies V/2 (1997), 225-235.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bridgeman, J., “They Gag Women, Don't They?” in Law and Body Politics: Regulating the Female Body, ed. J. Bridgeman and S. Millns (Aldershot: Dartmouth, 1995), 22-52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brook, B., Feminist Perspectives on the Body (London: Longman, 1999).

    Google Scholar 

  • Burrows, G.M., Commentaries on Insanity (1828), cited in Showalter, E., The Female Malady: Women, Madness and English Culture 1830-1980 (London: Virago Press, 1995), p. 55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Butler, J., Bodies that Matter: On the Discursive Limits of “Sex” (London: Routledge, 1993).

    Google Scholar 

  • Butler, J., Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity (London: Routledge, 1990).

    Google Scholar 

  • Chessler, P., Women and Madness (New York: Four Walls Eight Windows, 1997, 25th Anniversary Edition).

    Google Scholar 

  • De Gama, K., “Posthumous Pregnancies: Some Thoughts on 'Life' and Death”, in Feminist Perspectives on Health Care Law, ed. S. Sheldon & M. Thomson (London: Cavendish, 1998), 259-277.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deech, R., “Infertility and Ethics”, Child and Family Law Quarterly 4/9 (1997), 337-344.

    Google Scholar 

  • Douglas, G., “Assisted Reproduction and the Welfare of the Child”, Current Legal Problems 46/2 (1993), 53-74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duncan, S., “'Disrupting the Surface of Order and Innocence': Towards a Theory of Sexuality and the Law”, Feminist Legal Studies II/1 (1994), 3-28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ellmann, M., The Hunger Artists: Starving, Writing and Imprisonment (London: Virago Press, 1993).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fegan, E. & Fennell, P., “Feminist Perspectives on Mental Health Law”, in Feminist Perspectives in Health Care Law, ed. S. Sheldon & M. Thomson (London: Cavendish, 1998), 73-96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foucault, M., Madness and Civilization: A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason (London: Routledge, 1971).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fovargue, S. & Miola, J., “Policing Pregnancy: Implications of the Attorney General's Reference (No. 3 of 1994)”, Medical Law Review 6/3 (1998), 265-296.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frosh, S., “Screaming Under the Bridge: Masculinity, Rationality and Psychotherapy”, in Body Talk: The Material and Discursive Regulation of Sexuality, Madness and Reproduction, ed. J. Ussher (London: Routledge, 1997), 70-84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gatens, M., Imaginary Bodies: Ethics, Power and Corporeality (London: Routledge, 1996).

    Google Scholar 

  • Grosz, E., Volatile Bodies: Towards a Corporeal Feminism (Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1994).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hervey, T., “Buy Baby: The European Union and Regulation of Human Reproduction”, Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 18/2 (1998), 207-233.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, Code of Practice (London: Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, 1995).

    Google Scholar 

  • Laing, R.D., The Divided Self: An Existential Study in Sanity and Madness (London: Penguin Books, 1990).

    Google Scholar 

  • Malson, H., The Thin Woman: Feminism, Post-structuralism and the Social Psychology of Anorexia Nervosa (London: Routledge, 1998).

    Google Scholar 

  • Millns, S., “Making 'social Judgements That Go Beyond the Purely Medical',” in Law and Body Politics: Regulating the Female Body, ed. J. Bridgeman & S. Millns (Aldershot: Dartmouth, 1995), 79-104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, D. & Lee, R., “In the Name of the Father? Ex Parte Blood: Dealing with Novelty and Anomaly”, Modern Law Review 60/6 (1997), 840-856.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O'Donovan, K., “With Sense, Consent or Just a Con? Legal Subjects in the Discourse of Autonomy”, in Sexing the Subject of Law, ed. N. Naffine & R.J. Owens (Sydney: LBC, 1997) 47-64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Plomer, A., Smith, I. & Martin-Clement, N., “Rationing Policies on Access to In Vitro Fertilisation in the National Health Service, UK”, Reproductive Health Matters 7/14 (1999), 60-70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharpe, A.N., “Transgender Performance and the Discriminating Gaze: A Critique of Regulatory Regimes”, Social and Legal Studies 18/1 (1999), 5-24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sheldon, S., “ReConceiving Masculinity: Imagining Men's Reproductive Bodies in Law”, J. Law and Society 26/2 (1999), 129-149.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shildrick, M., Leaky Bodies and Boundaries: Feminism, Postmodernism and Bioethics (London: Routledge, 1997).

    Google Scholar 

  • Smart, C., Law, Crime and Sexuality: Essays in Feminism (London: Sage, 1995).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stefan, S., “Silencing the Different Voice: Competence, Feminist Theory and Law”, U. Miami Law Review 47 (1993), 763-815.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomson, M., “Employing the Body: The Reproductive Body and Employment Exclusion”, Social and Legal Studies 5/2 (1996), 243-267.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomson, M., Reproducing Narrative: Gender, Reproduction and Law (Aldershot: Dartmouth, 1998).

    Google Scholar 

  • Treece, S.J. & Savas, D., “More Questions Than Answers: R. v. Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority Ex Parte Blood”, Medical Law International 3 (1997), 75-81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ussher, J., Women's Madness: Misogyny or Mental Illness (Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1991).

    Google Scholar 

  • Warnock, M., A Question of Life: The Warnock Report on Human Fertilisation and Embryology (London: HMSO, 1984), Cmnd. 9314.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitford, M., The Irigaray Reader (Oxford: Blackwell, 1991).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright, M., “R. v. Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority Ex Parte Blood”, Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law 19/4 (1997), 483-487.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Keywood, K. More than a Woman? Embodiment and Sexual Difference in Medical Law. Feminist Legal Studies 8, 319–342 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009288503511

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009288503511

Navigation