Spinoza: Ethics: Demonstrated in Geometric OrderSpinoza's Ethics is one of the most significant texts of the early modern period, important to history, philosophy, Jewish studies and religious studies. It had a major influence on Enlightenment thinkers and the development of the modern world. In Ethics, Spinoza addresses the most fundamental perennial philosophical questions concerning the nature of God, human beings and a good life. His startling answers synthesize the longstanding traditions of ancient Greek and Jewish philosophy with the developments of the emerging scientific revolution. The resulting philosophical system casts out the willing, personal God of Abrahamic religions and takes up the challenge of reconceiving the natural world and human beings in an entirely secular way. This volume offers a new translation based on a new critical edition, reflecting the state of the art in Spinoza scholarship, and also includes an introduction, chronology and glossary to help make this notoriously difficult text accessible. |
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absolutely infinite absurd actually existing adequate cognition adequate ideas Adriaan Koerbagh affirm appetite beloved thing called command of reason common conceived concept consequently contrary Corollary It follows corporeal substance defined definition Descartes Descartes’s desire that arises determined dictate of reason diminished or restrained divine nature emotion of joy excludes the existence explain extent external body external cause fear finite God’s essence God’s nature greater hate highest human body human mind inadequate individual things insofar intellect Jonathan Israel joy or sadness kind of cognition led by reason Maimonides mind’s mode of thinking natura naturans necessarily exists object one’s order and connection particular things passions people’s perceives perfection person’s philosophy power of action previous proposition Proposition 21 Q. E. D. Corollary Q. E. D. Proposition Q. E. D. Scholium simply solely someone specific Spinoza stadholder substance third kind thought truth understand vantage of eternity virtue