Skip to main content
Log in

Identity Talk of Aspirational Ethical Leaders

  • Published:
Journal of Business Ethics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study investigates how business leaders dynamically narrate their aspirational ethical leadership identities. In doing so, it furthers understanding of ethical leadership as a process situated in time and place. The analysis focuses on the discursive strategies used to narrate identity and ethics by ethnic Chinese business leaders in Indonesia after their conversion to Pentecostal–charismatic Christianity. By exploring the use of metaphor, our study shows how these business leaders discursively deconstruct their ‘old’ identities and construct their ‘new’ aspirational identities as ethical leaders. This leads to the following contributions. First, we show that ethical leadership is constructed in identity talk as the business leaders actively narrate aspirational identities. Second, the identity narratives of the business leaders suggest that ethical leadership is a context-bound and situated claim vis-à-vis unethical practice. Third, we propose a conceptual template, identifying processes of realisation and inspiration followed by significant shifts in understanding, for the study of aspirational ethical leadership.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alford, H. (2010). The practical wisdom of personalism. Journal of Management Development, 29(7/8), 697–705.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alvesson, M., & Willmott, H. (2002). Producing the appropriate individual: Identity regulation as organizational control. Journal of Management Studies, 39(5), 619–644.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Avey, J. B., Palanski, M. E., & Walumbwa, F. O. (2011). When leadership goes unnoticed: The moderating role of follower self-esteem on the relationship between ethical leadership and follower behavior. Journal of Business Ethics, 98(4), 573–582.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berger, P. L., & Luckmann, T. (1967). The social construction of reality: A treatise in the sociology of knowledge. Garden City, NY: Anchor Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bluedorn, A. C., & Jaussi, K. S. (2008). Leaders, followers, and time. The Leadership Quarterly, 19(6), 654–668.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brazier, R. (2006, April 26). In Indonesia, the Chinese go to Church. International Herald Tribune Thursday.

  • Brown, A. D. (2006). A narrative approach to collective identities. Journal of Management Studies, 43(4), 731–753.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, M. E., & Mitchell, M. S. (2010). Ethical and unethical leadership: Exploring new avenues for future research. Business Ethics Quarterly, 20(4), 583–616.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, M. E., & Trevino, L. K. (2006). Ethical leadership: A review and future directions. The Leadership Quarterly, 17(6), 595–616.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, M. E., Trevino, L. K., & Harrison, D. A. (2005). Ethical leadership: A social learning perspective for construct development and testing. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 97(92), 117–134.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brubaker, R., & Cooper, F. (2000). Beyond ‘identity’. Theory and Society, 29, 1–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burgess, S. M., & van der Maas, E. M. (Eds.). (2002). The new international dictionary of Pentecostal and charismatic movements. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carroll, B., & Levy, L. (2010). Leadership development as identity construction. Management Communication Quarterly, 24(2), 211–231.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chia, R. (1996). Metaphors and metaphorisation in organisational analysis: Thinking beyond the thinkable. In D. Grant & C. Oswick (Eds.), Metaphor and organisations (pp. 127–145). London: SAGE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clarke, C. A., Brown, A. D., & Hailey, V. H. (2009). Working identities? Antagonistic discursive resources and managerial identity. Human Relations, 62(3), 323–352.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, S. (2003). Continuous conversion? The rhetoric, practice and rhetorical practice of charismatic protestant conversion. In A. Buckser & S. D. Glazier (Eds.), The anthropology of religious conversion (pp. 15–28). Lanham: Rowan and Littlefield.

    Google Scholar 

  • Corten, A., & Marshall-Fratani, R. (2001). Introduction. In A. Corten & R. Marhsall-Fratani (Eds.), Between Babel and Pentecost, transnational Pentecostalism in Africa and Latin America (pp. 1–12). London: Hurst and Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cunliffe, A. L. (2009). The philosopher leader: On relationalism, ethics and reflexivity—a critical perspective to teaching leadership. Management Learning, 40(1), 87–101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cunliffe, A. L., & Eriksen, M. (2011). Relational leadership. Human Relations, 64(11), 1425–1449.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dahles, H. (2004). McBusiness versus confucius? Anthropological perspectives on transnational organizations and networks. Amsterdam: Vrije Universiteit.

    Google Scholar 

  • Day, D. V., & Harrison, M. M. (2007). A multilevel, identity-based approach to leadership development. Human Resource Management Review, 17, 360–373.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Denzin, N. K. (1989). Interpretive biography. London: SAGE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eubanks, D., Brown, A. D., & Ybema, S. (2012). Leadership, identity and ethics. Journal of Business Ethics. doi:10.1007/s10551-012-1295-5.

  • Fairhurst, G. T. (2009). Considering context in discursive leadership research. Human Relations, 62(11), 1607–1633.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fiol, C. M. (2002). Capitalizing on paradox: The role of language in transforming organizational identities. Organization Science, 13(6), 653–666.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giddens, A. (1984). The constitution of society. Outline of the theory of structuration. Cambridge: Polity Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Giddens, A. (1991). Modernity and self-identity. Cambridge: Polity Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harshman, C., & Harshman, E. (2008). The Gordian knot of ethics: Understanding leadership effectiveness and ethical behavior. Journal of Business Ethics, 78(1–2), 175–192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karp, T., & Helgø, T. I. T. (2009). Leadership as identity construction: The act of leading people in organisations: A perspective from the complexity sciences. Journal of Management Development, 28(10), 880–896.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • King, J. E, Jr. (2008). (Dis)missing the obvious: Will mainstream management research ever take religion seriously? Journal of Management Inquiry, 17(3), 214–224.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Knights, D., & O’Leary, M. (2006). Leadership, ethics and responsibility to the other. Journal of Business Ethics, 67(2), 125–137.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koning, J. (2009). Singing yourself into existence; Chinese Indonesian entrepreneurs, Pentecostal–charismatic Christianity, and the Indonesian nation state. In J. Bautista & F. Lim Khek Gee (Eds.), Christianity and the state in Asia. Complicity and conflict (pp. 115–131). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koning, J. (2011). Business, belief and belonging: Small business owners and conversion to charismatic Christianity. In M. Dieleman, J. Koning, & P. Post (Eds.), Chinese Indonesians and regime change (pp. 23–46). Boston: Brill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lakoff, G. (1987). Women, fire, and dangerous things: What categories reveal about the mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lawler, J. (2005). The essence of leadership? Existentialism and leadership. Leadership, 1(2), 215–231.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lieblich, A., Tuval-Mashiach, R., & Zilber, T. (1998). Narrative research: Reading, analysis and interpretation. London: SAGE.

    Google Scholar 

  • McAdams, D. (1996). Personality, modernity, and the storied self: A contemporary framework for studying persons. Psychological Inquiry, 7, 295–321.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, G. (1993). Imaginization. London: SAGE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ortony, A. (1975). Why metaphors are necessary and not just nice. Educational Theory, 25, 45–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pentland, B. T. (1999). Building process theory with narrative: From description to explanation. Academy of Management Review, 24(4), 711–724.

    Google Scholar 

  • Plummer, K. (2001). Documents of life 2. An invitation to a critical humanism. London: SAGE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pondy, L. R. (1983). The role of metaphors and myths in organisation and in the facilitation of change. In L. R. Pondy, P. J. Frost, G. Morgan, & T. Dandridge (Eds.), Organisational symbolism (pp. 157–166). Greenwich: JAI Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reicher, S., Haslam, S. A., & Hopkins, N. (2005). Social identity and the dynamics of leadership: Leaders and followers as collaborative agents in the transformation of social reality. The Leadership Quarterly, 16, 547–568.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rhodes, C., & Brown, A. D. (2005a). Writing responsibly: Narrative fiction and organization studies. Organization Studies, 12(4), 467–491.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rhodes, C., & Brown, A. D. (2005b). Narrative, organizations and research. International Journal of Management Reviews, 7(3), 167–188.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ricoeur, P. (1976). Interpretation theory: Discourse and the surplus of meaning. Fort Worth: Texas Christian University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ricoeur, P. (1984a). Time and narrative (Vol. 1) (K. McLaughlin and D. Pellauer, Trans.). University of Chicago Press, London.

  • Ricoeur, P. (1984b). Time and narrative (Vol. 3) (K. McLaughlin and D. Pellauer, Trans.). University of Chicago Press, London.

  • Riessman, C. (1993). Narrative analysis. Newbury Park, CA: SAGE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruiz, P., Ruiz, C., & Martinez, R. (2011). Improving the “Leader–Follower” relationship: Top manager or supervisor? The ethical leadership trickle-down effect on follower job response. Journal of Business Ethics, 99(4), 587–608.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shamir, B. (2011). Leadership takes time: Some implications of (not) taking time seriously in leadership research. The Leadership Quarterly, 22(2), 307–315.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Somers, M. (1994). The narrative constitution of identity: A relational and network approach. Theory and Society, 23, 605–649.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sonsino, S. (2005). Towards a hermeneutics of narrative identity: A ricoeurian framework for exploring narratives (and narrators) of strategy. Organization Management Journal, 2(3), 166–182.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sveningsson, S., & Alvesson, M. (2003). Managing managerial identities: Organizational fragmentation, discourse and identity struggle. Human Relations, 56(10), 1163–1193.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sveningsson, S., & Larsson, M. (2006). Fantasies of leadership: Identity work. Leadership, 2(2), 203–224.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, S. (2001). Evaluating and applying discourse analytic research. In M. Wetherell, S. Taylor, & S. J. Yates (Eds.), Discourse as data: A guide for analysis (pp. 311–330). London: SAGE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, S., & Wetherell, M. (1999). A suitable time and place. Speakers. Use of time to do discursive work in narratives of nation and personal life. Time and Society, 8(1), 39–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thornborrow, T., & Brown, A. D. (2009). ‘Being regimented’: Aspiration, discipline and identity work in the British parachute regiment. Organization Studies, 30(4), 355–376.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Toor, S., & Ofori, G. (2009). Ethical leadership: Examining the relationships with full range leadership model, employee outcomes, and organizational culture. Journal of Business Ethics, 90(4), 533–547.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Waistell, J. (2006). Metaphorical mediation of organizational change across space and time. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 19(5), 640–654.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Waistell, J. (2009). Management education: Critically, dialectically, metaphorically. International Journal of Management Education, 8(1), 73–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Watson, T. J. (2001). In search of management. London: Cengage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watson, T. J. (2008). Managing identity: identity work, personal predicaments and structural circumstances. Organization, 15(1), 121–143.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Watson, T. J. (2009). Narrative, life story and manager identity: A case study in autobiographical identity work. Human Relations, 62(3), 425–452.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yanow, D. (2006). Thinking interpretively: Philosophical presuppositions and the human sciences. In D. Yanow & P. Schwartz-Shea (Eds.), Interpretation and method. Empirical research methods and the interpretive turn (pp. 5–26). London: M.E Sharpe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ybema, S. (2010). Talk of change: Temporal contrasts and collective identities. Organization Studies, 31(4), 481–503.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ybema, S., Keenoy, T., Oswick, C., Beverungen, A., Ellis, N., & Sabelis, I. (2009). Articulating identities. Human Relations, 62(3), 299–322.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yin, R. K. (2009). Case study research. Design and methods (4th ed.). London: SAGE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zerubavel, E. (2003). Time maps: Collective memory and the social shape of the past. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the insightful comments of the three anonymous reviewers and of the special issue editors (Dawn Eubanks, Andrew Brown and Sierk Ybema), which have substantially sharpened the arguments developed in this paper.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Juliette Koning.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Koning, J., Waistell, J. Identity Talk of Aspirational Ethical Leaders. J Bus Ethics 107, 65–77 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1297-3

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1297-3

Keywords

Navigation