Abstract
As conservation biology has developed as a distinct discipline from ecology, conservation guidelines based on ecological theory have been largely cast aside in favor of theory-independent decision procedures for designing conservation reserves. I argue that this transition has failed to advance the field toward its aim of preserving biodiversity. The abandonment of island biogeography theory in favor of complementarity-based algorithms is a case in point. In what follows, I consider the four central objections raised against island biogeographic conservation guidelines, arguing that they fail to undermine the credibility of this framework as a conservation tool. At best, these objections call for a more careful application of this framework to conservation problems, not its wholesale abandonment. At the same time, complementarily-based algorithms are biased in favor of networks of small reserves containing non-overlapping species. These conditions threaten to promote inbreeding depression, genetic drift and other factors that increase a population’s risk of extinction. Therefore, recent developments in the field of conservation biology have arguably not contributed to its ultimate aim of preserving the maximum amount of biodiversity in the long run.
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Notes
However, later in their article Zimmerman and Bierregaard qualify this statement considerably, noting that many frog species do not reside close to their preferred breeding habitats. So even though a 100-ha reserve might conserve adequate breeding grounds for all 38 species, they claim, a 500-ha reserve might be required to conserve both breeding and non-breeding locations.
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Acknowledgements
Thanks to Mark Colyvan, Paul Griffiths, Greg Mikkelson, John Wilkins, Kim Sterelny, and Daniel Schweitzer for helpful comments on previous drafts. Thanks also to those who attended and commented on a presentation of this paper at the 2006 conference for the New Zealand division of the Australasian Association for Philosophy.
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Linquist, S. But is it progress? On the alleged advances of conservation biology over ecology. Biol Philos 23, 529–544 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10539-007-9082-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10539-007-9082-x