이 글은 19세기 조선 성리학자 가운데 주자학 수정의 입장을 극명하게 드러내어 리(理)를 통한 심(心)의 주재성(主宰性)을 보다 강력하게 주장하기 위한 방편으로 당시 많은 논란을 일으켰던 ‘심즉리(心卽理)’의 인식방법 및 리기삼간(理氣三看)에 따른 이진상의 주리론적(主理論的) 立論(입론)에 대한 문제 중심이 어디에 있었는지를 究明하려는 시도이다.
이진상은 이황의 主理說(주리설)을 계승하면서도 리의 이중성, 즉 절대리(絶對理)와 상대리(相對理)의 인식에서 벗어나 리의 절대성(絶對性)과 구극성(究極性)이 강조되는 리일원(理一元)의 존재론적 경향의 특색을 보인다. 그 결과 주리의 개념을 한층 더 강화하여 ‘리발일로(理發一路)’의 이채로운 주장을 하게 된다.
아울러 논의가 진행되는 동안 이진상의 학설을 필요에 따라 기호학파의 이론과 비교․검토하였으며, 이러한 과정을 통하여 한주 성리설의 성격이 더욱 선명하게 드러나게 되었다.
또한 논자는 이진상의 ‘심즉리’ 이론에 대한 문제 중심이 어디에 있었는지 살펴보았는데, 그가 이러한 주장을 펼치게 된 궁극적 의도는 리의 주재(主宰)를 통한 心의 주재성을 보다 강력히 주장하기 위한 것이었다. 그 결과 이진상은 성리설(性理說)을 연구하는 과정에서 기존에 사용되었던 리기에 대한 인식론을 정리하고 발전시켜 성리설 전반을 회통할 수 있는 논리의 틀로 완성 시킨다. 이것이 수간(竪看)․횡간(橫看)․도간(倒看)의 세 간법(看法)과 순추(順推)․역추(逆推)의 두 추론법이라 할 수 있는데, 이러한 리기의 독특한 인식방법을 통하여 입론한 것이 그의 주리적 ‘심즉리’ 이론이다.
이렇게 이진상은 주리론적 리일원론(理一元論)의 맥락에서 횡간, 수간, 도간 이라는 三看의 인식방법을 통하여, 리기호발설(理氣互發說)을 주리와 주기로 이해하여, 수간의 인식방법이 옳다 하고, 율곡의 기발리승일도설(氣發理乘一途說)은 도간에 의한 인식 방법으로 옳지 못한 것이라 하여, 수간의 인식 방법에 따라 독창적인 견해를 펼쳐 나간다.
결국 이진상은 그의 ‘심즉리설’로 인해 퇴계학파 내에서 이단(異端)으로 규정되기도 했지만, 이것 역시 이황 주리론의 강화 측면 이라는 변용적(變容的) 형태라고 볼 수 있을 것이다.
이러한 까닭으로 본 논문에서는 이진상의 이론은 이황 주리론의 단순한 계승이 아니라, 이를 기반으로 하면서 주리의 극단화를 추구하였다는 점에서 그의 독창의 일면을 이해 할 수 있다는 것에 중점을 두고 전개되었다.
This article is attempting to clarify what was the issue of the 'SIMJEUKRI' theory, which was the means of asserting strongly the presence of mind(心) through the presence of the reason(理) exposing the extreme position to revise the JUJAHAK(朱子學) out of scholars of SUNRIHAK of 19 century in Chosun and provoked many disputes in the academic society of that time. Lee Jinsang asserted his doctrine of 'SIMJEUKRI'(the mind is the reason) writing 'SIMJEUKRISUL' at his 44 years old. According to him, his doctrine of SIMJEUKRI was developed based on what Juhee(朱熹) asserted the presence of the reason(理) and the mind(心) later on his days. His theory provoked many disputes in the academic society of that time and particularly, TAEKEHAKPA around Andong strongly criticized the theory of SIMJEUKRI of Lee Jinsang that it deviated from the SIMSUL(心說; theory of mind) of Lee Hwang. However, his theory became recognized later as deepening and developing the thoughts of Lee Hwang. In addition, this article is intended to verify what was the issue of Lee Jinsang's theory of SIMJEUKRI. The ultimate intension of SIMJEUKRI asserted by Lee Jinsang was to assert strongly the presence of the mind(心) through the presence of reason(理) and can be considered to be implied the thought which would make the man himself realize the principle of generosity and justice(仁義道理) as a subjective and active presence of mind(心). And also, through the cognition methods of three viewing(三看), that is, horizontal viewing(橫看), vertical viewing(竪看), and cross viewing(倒看), understand RIGIHOBALSUL(理氣互發說) as JURI(主理) and JUGI(主氣) and assert that the vertical viewing(竪看) was correct. As a result, he asserted that the GIBALRISEONGILDOSOL(氣發理乘一途說) of Yulgok employed the cognition method of cross viewing(倒看) was not correct cognition method, and asserted RIBALILO(理發一路) according to the cognition method of vertical viewing(竪看). For this reason, Lee Jinsang was declared as heresy due to his SIMJEUKRISUL(心卽理說) by the TAEKEHAKPA(退溪學派) but this can be considered as form of translation of the Lee Hwang's JURIRON. From this point of view, Lee Jinsang elevated the reason(理) to the ultimate source and developed SUNGRIHAK(性理學) in the thorough JURIRON's position. He studies the existing SUNGRISUL based on the historical literature research in the thorough objective position and placed importance in the live viewing(活看) not dead viewing(死看) using his original reasoning method and his own unrestricted unique logic. Therefore, this article is developed focusing on the fact that the aspect of his creativity can be understood in the point of view that the theory of Lee Jinsang was not simply carried over the Lee Hwang's JURIRON but in pursuit of extreme JURI(主理) based on that.
This article is attempting to clarify what was the issue of the 'SIMJEUKRI' theory, which was the means of asserting strongly the presence of mind(心) through the presence of the reason(理) exposing the extreme position to revise the JUJAHAK(朱子學) out of scholars of SUNRIHAK of 19 century in Chosun and provoked many disputes in the academic society of that time. Lee Jinsang asserted his doctrine of 'SIMJEUKRI'(the mind is the reason) writing 'SIMJEUKRISUL' at his 44 years old. According to him, his doctrine of SIMJEUKRI was developed based on what Juhee(朱熹) asserted the presence of the reason(理) and the mind(心) later on his days. His theory provoked many disputes in the academic society of that time and particularly, TAEKEHAKPA around Andong strongly criticized the theory of SIMJEUKRI of Lee Jinsang that it deviated from the SIMSUL(心說; theory of mind) of Lee Hwang. However, his theory became recognized later as deepening and developing the thoughts of Lee Hwang. In addition, this article is intended to verify what was the issue of Lee Jinsang's theory of SIMJEUKRI. The ultimate intension of SIMJEUKRI asserted by Lee Jinsang was to assert strongly the presence of the mind(心) through the presence of reason(理) and can be considered to be implied the thought which would make the man himself realize the principle of generosity and justice(仁義道理) as a subjective and active presence of mind(心). And also, through the cognition methods of three viewing(三看), that is, horizontal viewing(橫看), vertical viewing(竪看), and cross viewing(倒看), understand RIGIHOBALSUL(理氣互發說) as JURI(主理) and JUGI(主氣) and assert that the vertical viewing(竪看) was correct. As a result, he asserted that the GIBALRISEONGILDOSOL(氣發理乘一途說) of Yulgok employed the cognition method of cross viewing(倒看) was not correct cognition method, and asserted RIBALILO(理發一路) according to the cognition method of vertical viewing(竪看). For this reason, Lee Jinsang was declared as heresy due to his SIMJEUKRISUL(心卽理說) by the TAEKEHAKPA(退溪學派) but this can be considered as form of translation of the Lee Hwang's JURIRON. From this point of view, Lee Jinsang elevated the reason(理) to the ultimate source and developed SUNGRIHAK(性理學) in the thorough JURIRON's position. He studies the existing SUNGRISUL based on the historical literature research in the thorough objective position and placed importance in the live viewing(活看) not dead viewing(死看) using his original reasoning method and his own unrestricted unique logic. Therefore, this article is developed focusing on the fact that the aspect of his creativity can be understood in the point of view that the theory of Lee Jinsang was not simply carried over the Lee Hwang's JURIRON but in pursuit of extreme JURI(主理) based on that.
