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Can Religious Beliefs be Justified Pragmatically?

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Abstract

One cannot prove the truth of theological statement, but perhaps one can justify believing them because of the good consequences of doing so. It is irrational to believe statements of which there are good reasons to think false, but those of which there is some, albeit inconclusive, evidence can be believed for pragmatic reasons. However, in the interest of simplicity, it must not be possible to achieve those good consequences without such faith. John Bishop and others have argued that one need only assume theological statements to be true to enjoy the good consequences of a religious life, but in fact, faith is needed for most of these consequences to be achieved.

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Notes

  1. Davies, P. (1984). God and the New Physics (ch. 13). Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin.

  2. Davies, p.171.

  3. Davies, p. 189.

  4. Swinburne, R. (1981). Faith and reason (p. 45). Oxford: Clarendon Press.

  5. Cited by Hollinger, D. A. (1997). James, Clifford, and the scientific conscience. In R. A. Putnam (Ed.), The Cambridge Companion to William James (p. 76). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

  6. Pascal, B. (1961). The Pensées (section 451, pp. 155–159), trans. J.M.Cohen. Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin.

  7. J. J. McDermott (Ed.) (1977). The Writings of William James (pp. 717–735). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. (Reprinted)

  8. James, pp. 730–731.

  9. James, p. 723.

  10. Hick, J. (1989). An interpretation of religion. Human responses to the transcendent (p. 227). New Haven: Yale University Press.

  11. James, W. (1960). The varieties of religious experience (p. 427). London: Fontana Books, Collins.

  12. James, Varieties, p. 427.

  13. Hollinger, pp. 79–81.

  14. James, “What Pragmatism Means”, The Writings, pp. 387–389.

  15. Bishop, J. (2002). Faith as doxastic venture. Religious Studies, 38, 476–477.

  16. James. (2002). The will to believe (pp. 720–721). The same position is defended in Jonathan E. Adler’s Belief’s Own Ethics. Cambridge, MA: Bradford.

  17. Bishop, p. 481.

  18. Bishop, p. 483.

  19. Allen, D. (1968). The reasonableness of faith (p. 55). Washington: Corpus Books.

  20. Swinburne, R. (1981). Faith and reason (pp. 121–122). Oxford: Clarendon.

  21. See, P. Engel (Ed.) (2000). Believing and accepting. Dordrecht/Boston/London: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

  22. Cohen, J. (1992). An essay on belief and acceptance (p. 4). Oxford: Oxford University Press; quoted in Engel, p.8.

  23. Engel, p.9.

  24. Buckareff, A. A. (2005). Can faith be a doxastic venture? Religious Studies, 41, 440.

  25. Buckareff, p.441. In reply, John Bishop agreed with Buckareff: Bishop, J. (2005). On the possibility of doxastic venture: A reply to Buckareff. Religious Studies, 41, 447–451.

  26. See, for example, Morris, T. V. (1994). Wagering and the Evidence. In J. Jordan (Ed.), Gambling on God. Essays on Pascal’s Wager (p. 49). Lanham, MA: Rowman and Littlefield.

  27. James, “Will to Believe”, p. 730.

  28. James, “Will to Believe”, pp. 734–735.

  29. Bishop, J. (1998). Can there be alternative concepts of God? Nous, 32, 174.

  30. Bishop, “Can There Be”, p. 182.

  31. Bishop, “Can There Be”, Note 7, pp. 187–188.

  32. Bishop, “Can There Be”, p. 184.

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Correspondence to C. Behan McCullagh.

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McCullagh, C.B. Can Religious Beliefs be Justified Pragmatically?. SOPHIA 46, 21–34 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11841-007-0007-6

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