“Sometimes the difference between celebration and lament can be very small.”— thanks to Jim Grote.
Abstract
The movements to teach the responsible conduct of research (RCR) and engineering ethics at technological universities are often unacknowledged aspects of the ethics across the curriculum (EAC) movement and could benefit from explicit alliances with it. Remarkably, however, not nearly as much scholarly attention has been devoted to EAC as to RCR or to engineering ethics, and RCR and engineering ethics educational efforts are not always presented as facets of EAC. The emergence of EAC efforts at two different institutions—the Illinois Institute of Technology and Utah Valley University (UVU)—provide counter examples. The remarkably successful UVU initiative gave birth to EAC as a scholarly movement and to the associated Society for Ethics Across the Curriculum. EAC initiatives at the Colorado School of Mines, however, point up continuing institutional resistances to EAC. Finally, comparative reflection on successes and failures can draw some lessons for the future. One suggestion is that increasing demands for accountability and pedagogical research into what works in teaching and learning offers special opportunities.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adas, M. (2009). Dominance by design: Technological imperatives and America’s Civilizing Mission. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Antes, A. L., Murphy, S. T., Waples, E. P., Mumford, M. D., Brown, R. P., Connelly, S., & Devenport, L. D. (2009). A meta-analysis of ethics instruction effectiveness in the sciences. Ethics and Behavior,19(5), 379–402.
Arendt, H. (1961). Between past and future: Eight exercises in political thought. New York: Viking Press.
Arlow, P. (1991). Personal characteristics in college students’ evaluations of business ethics and corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics,10(1), 63–69.
Ashmore, R. B., & Starr, W. C. (Eds.). (1991). Ethics across the curriculum: The Marquette experience. Milwaukee, WI: Marquette University Press.
Balsamo, A., & Mitcham, C. (2010). Ethics and interdisciplinarity. In R. Frodeman, J. T. Klein, & C. Mitcham (Eds.), Oxford handbook on interdisciplinarity (pp. 259–272). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Baum, R. J. (1980). Ethics and Engineering Curricula. Hastings-on-Hudson, NY: Institute of Society, Ethics, and the Life Sciences.
Becker, L. C., & Becker, C. B. (Eds.). (2001). Encyclopedia of ethics (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge.
Benya, F. F. (Ed.). (2013). Practical guidance on science and engineering ethics education for instructors and administrators. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Berrett, D. (2014). Colleges back away from using tests to assess student learning. Chronicle of Higher Education, A16. http://chronicle.com/article/Colleges-Back-Away-From-Using/146073.
Borchert, D. M. (Ed.). (2006). Encyclopedia of philosophy (2nd ed.). Detroit: Macmillan Reference.
Borenstein, J., Drake, M. J., Kirkman, R., & Swann, J. L. (2010). The engineering and science issues test (ESIT): A discipline-specific approach to assessing moral judgment. Science and Engineering Ethics,16(2), 387–407.
Boyer, E. L. (1990). Scholarship reconsidered: Priorities of the professoriate. Princeton, NJ: Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.
Bradie, M., Attig, T. W., & Rescher, N. (Eds.). (1983). The applied turn in contemporary philosophy. Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green State University.
Briggle, A., & Mitcham, C. (2012). Ethics and science: An introduction. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Broad, W., & Wade, N. (1982). Betrayers of the truth: Fraud and deceit in the halls of science. New York: Simon and Schuster.
Buckner, N., & Whittlesey, R. (1988). Do scientists cheat? Boston: In Nova, WGBH.
Callahan, D., & Bok, S. (1980a). The teaching of ethics in higher education. Hastings-on-Hudson, NY: Institute of Society, Ethics, and the Life Sciences.
Callahan, D., & Bok, S. (Eds.). (1980b). Ethics teaching in higher education. New York: Plenum Press.
Carlin, D. B., & Denecke, D. D. (2008). Best practices in graduate education for the responsible conduct of research. Washington, DC: Council of Graduate Schools.
Cech, E. A. (2014). Culture of disengagement in engineering education? Science, Technology and Human Values,39(1), 42–72.
Chadwick, R. (Ed.). (2012). Encyclopedia of applied ethics (2nd ed.). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Christians, C. G., & Covert, C. L. (1980). Teaching ethics in journalism education. Hastings-on-Hudson, NY: Institute of Society, Ethics, and the Life Sciences.
Clouser, K. D. (1980). Teaching bioethics: Strategies, problems, and resources. Hastings-on-Hudson, NY: Institute of Society, Ethics, and the Life Sciences.
Commission on the Future of Higher Education. (2006). A test of leadership: Charting the future of U.S. higher education. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education.
Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy. (2009). On being a scientist: A guide to responsible conduct of research (3rd ed.). Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
Craig, E. (Ed.). (1998). Routledge encyclopedia of philosophy. New York: Routledge.
Cruz, J. A., & Frey, W. J. (2003). An effective strategy for integrating ethics across the curriculum in engineering: An ABET 2000 challenge. Science and Engineering Ethics,9, 543–568.
Curry-Machado, J. (2011). Cuban sugar industry: Transnational networks and engineering migrants in mid-nineteenth century Cuba. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Davis, M. (1990). The ethics boom: What and why. Centennial Review, 34 (Spring), 163–185 (Reprinted with modest edits in Davis 1999).
Davis, M. (1993). Ethics across the curriculum: Teaching professional responsibility in technical courses. Teaching Philosophy, 16(3), 205–235 (Reprinted with modest edits in Davis 1999).
Davis, M. (1999). Ethics and the university. New York: Routledge.
Davis, M. (2004). Five kinds of ethics across the curriculum: An introduction to four experiments with one kind. Teaching Ethics,4(2), 1–14.
Dewey, J. (1927). The public and its problems. New York: Holt.
Elliott, D. (2007). Ethics in the first person: A guide to teaching and learning practical ethics. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.
Englehardt, E. E., & Pritchard, M. (2013). Teaching practical ethics. International Journal of Applied Philosophy,27(2), 161–173.
Englehardt, E. E., Pritchard, M., Romesburg, K., & Schrag, B. (Eds.). (2012). Ethical challenges of academic administration. Dordrecht: Springer.
Fleishman, J. L., & Payne, B. L. (1980). Ethical dilemmas and the education of policymakers. Hastings-on-Hudson, NY: Institute of Society, Ethics, and the Life Sciences.
Flores, A. (1977). National project on engineering ethics to bring together engineers, philosophers. Professional Engineer,47(8), 26–29.
Frodeman, R., Klein, J. T., & Mitcham, C. (Eds.). (2010). Oxford handbook of interdisciplinarity. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Goldstein, N. J., Cialdini, R. B., & Griskevicius, V. (2008). A room with a viewpoint: Using social norms to motivate environmental conservation in hotels. Journal of Consumer Research,35(October), 472–482.
Guinness, M. (2011). Is this the world’s sexiest woman (and the most powerful)? The Guardian, The Observer, 18. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jul/17/christine-lagarde-worlds-sexiest-woman.
Harris, C. E. Jr., Pritchard, M. S., & Rabins, M. J. (1990). Engineering ethics: Concepts and cases. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. 2nd ed., 2000; 3rd ed., 2005; 4th ed., 2009; 5th ed., 2015. The 4th edition shifts publisher to Boston: Cengage Learning; the 5th edition adds two authors: Ray James and Elaine E. Englehardt.
Hashemian, G., & Loui, M. C. (2010). Can instruction in engineering ethics change students’ feelings about professional responsibility? Science and Engineering Ethics,16, 201–215.
Headrick, D. R. (2012). Power over Peoples: Technology, environments, and western imperialism, 1400 to the present. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Helton-Fauth, W., Gaddis, B. H., Scott, G., Mumford, M. D., Devenport, L. D., Connelly, S., & Brown, R. P. (2003). A new approach to assessing ethical conduct in scientific work. Accountability in Research,10(4), 205–228.
Herkert, J. R. (2001). Future directions in engineering ethics research: Microethics, macroethics and the role of professional societies. Science and Engineering Ethics,7(3), 403–414.
Holbrook, J. B., & Carl, M. (2015). Ethics, science, technology, engineering: A global resource (Vol. 4). Detroit: Macmillan Reference.
Hollander, R., & Arenberg, C. R. (Eds.). (2009). Ethics education and scientific research: What’s Been learned? What should be done?. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Hollander, R., & Kahl, N. (Eds.). (2010). Engineering, social justice, and sustainable community development. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
Hollander, R., & Steneck, N. (1990). Science- and engineering-related ethics and values studies: Characteristics of an emerging field of research. Science, Technology, and Human Values,15(1), 84–104.
Jackall, R. (2009). Moral mazes: The world of corporate managers. Updated Edition. New York: Oxford University Press (First published 1988).
Josephson, P. R. (2005). Totalitarian science and technology (2nd ed.). New York: Humanity.
Kalichman, M. W. (2007). Responding to challenges in educating for the responsible conduct of research. Academic Medicine: Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges,82(9), 870–875.
Kalichman, M. W., & Plemmons, D. K. (2007). Reported goals for responsible conduct of research courses. Academic Medicine: Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges,82(9), 846–852.
Katz, E. (Ed.). (2006a). Death by design: Science, technology, and engineering in Nazi Germany. New York: Pearson.
Katz, J. (2006b). Ethical escape routes for underground ethnographers. American Ethnologist,33(4), 499–506.
Kelly, M. J. (1980). Legal ethics and legal education. Hastings-on-Hudson, NY: Institute of Society, Ethics, and the Life Sciences.
Kerr, C. (2001). The uses of the university (5th ed.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (First edition 1963).
Ladensen, R. F. (2001). The educational significance of the ethics bowl. Teaching Ethics,1(1), 63–78.
Leydens, J. A., & Lucena, J. (forthcoming). Engineering and social justice. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-IEEE Press.
Lisman, C. D. (1996). The curricular integration of ethics: Theory and practice. Westport, CT: Praeger.
Lucena, J. (Ed.). (2013). Engineering education for social justice: Critical explorations and opportunities. Dordrecht: Springer.
Lucena, J., Schneider, J., & Leydens, J. A. (2010). Engineering and sustainable community development. San Rafael, CA: Morgan and Claypool.
Lynch, K. (1999). The social impact of on-line learning. http://www.ascilite.org/conferences/brisbane99/papers/lynch.pdf.
Maki, P. L. (2010). Assessing for learning: Building a sustainable commitment across the institution (2nd ed.). Sterling, VA: Stylus.
Martin, M., & Schinzinger, R. (1983). Ethics in engineering. New York: McGraw-Hill. 2nd edition, 1989; 3rd edition, 1996; 4th edition, 2004.
Meyer, T. (2012). The intercollegiate ethics bowl: An active learning experience. Marketing Education Review,22(3), 215–224.
Mitcham, C. (2003). Co-responsibility for research integrity. Science and Engineering Ethics,9(2), 273–290.
Mitcham, C. (Ed.) (2005). Encyclopedia of science, technology, and ethics. Vols 4. Detroit: Macmillan Reference. 2nd ed.: J. Britt Holbrook and Carl Mitcham, eds., Ethics, science, technology, and engineering: A global resource (Detroit: Macmillan Reference, 2014).
Mitcham, C. (2009). A historico-ethical perspective on engineering education: From use and convenience to policy engagement. Engineering Studies,1(1), 35–53.
Mitcham, C. (2014). The true grand challenge for engineering: Self-knowledge. Issues in Science and Technology,31(1), 19–22.
Mitcham, C., Heller, L., Nan, W., Qin, Z., Packard, C., Holles, C., Hudson, D., & Rolston, J. (2013). Nanotechnology ethics and policy education: Learning and sharing across boundaries. Journal of Nano Education,5(2), 180–187.
Mitcham, C., & Muñoz, D. (2010). Humanitarian engineering. San Rafael, CA: Morgan and Claypool.
Mitcham, C., Olds, B., & Miller, R. L. (2002). A plea for pursuing new dimensions of assessment in the teaching and learning of research integrity. In N. H. Steneck & M. D. Scheetz (Eds.), Investigating research integrity: Proceedings of the first ORI research conference on research integrity (pp. 223–227). Washington, DC: Office of Research Integrity.
Mitcham, C., & Sacks, A. B. (2001). “Nature and Human Values” at the Colorado School of Mines. Science and Engineering Ethics,7(1), 129–136.
Mitcham, C., & Snieder, R. (2014). Science for sale: Improve ethics education (Letter). Science,343, 137.
Mitcham, C., & Wang, N. (2015). From engineering ethics to engineering politics. In Steen Hyldgaard Christensen, Christelle Didier, Andrew Jamison, Martin Meganck, Carl Mitcham, and Byron Newberry (Eds.), Engineering Education and Practice in Context, vol. 2: Engineering Identities, Epistemologies and Values (pp. 307–324) Dordrecht: Springer.
Mumford, M. (2006). Validation of ethical decision making measures: Evidence for a new set of measures. Ethics and Behavior,16(4), 319–345.
Mumford, M. D., Connelly, S., Brown, R. P., Murphy, S. T., Hill, J. H., Antes, A. L., Waples, E. P., & Davenport, L. D. (2008). A sensemaking approach to ethics training for scientists: Preliminary evidence of training effectiveness. Ethics and Behavior,18(4), 315–339.
National Academy of Engineering. (2008). Leading engineers and scientists identify advances that could improve quality of life around the world: 21 Century’s grand engineering challenges unveiled. Press release. Washington, DC, Feb. 15. http://www8.nationalacademies.org/onpinews/newsitem.aspx?RecordID=02152008.
Ogburn, W. F. (1922). Social change with respect to nature and original culture. New York: Viking.
Petrick, J. A. (2011). Three pedagogical tools to advance management integrity capacity. In C. Wankel & A. Stachowicz-Stanusch (Eds.), Management education for integrity: Ethically educating tomorrow’s business leaders (pp. 49–72). Bingley: Emerald House.
Pimple, K. D. (2002). Assessing student learning in the responsible conduct of research. Ethics in science and engineering national clearinghouse. Paper 337 http://scholarworks.umass.edu/esence/337.
Portuondo, M. M. (2003). Plantation factories: Science and technology in late eighteenth-century Cuba. Technology and Culture,44(2), 231–257.
Powers, C. W., & Vogel, D. (1980). Ethics in the education of business managers. Hastings-on-Hudson, NY: Institute of Society, Ethics, and the Life Sciences.
Roll-Hansen, N. (2005). The Lysenko effect: The politics of science. New York: Humanity.
Rolston, J. S., Zilliox, S. H., Packard, C., Mitcham, C., & Zaharatos, B. (2014). Nanoethics and policy education: A case study of social science coursework and student engagement. Nanoethics,8(3), 217–225.
Rosen, B., & Caplan, A. L. (1980). Ethics in the undergraduate curriculum. Hastings-on-Hudson, NY: Institute of Society, Ethics, and the Life Sciences.
Russell, D. R. (2002). Writing in the academic disciplines: A curricular history (2nd ed.). Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
Schumpeter, J. A. (1942). Capitalism, socialism and democracy. New York: Harper and Row.
Sekerka, L. E. (2009). Organizational ethics education and training: A review of best practices and their application. International Journal of Training and Development,13(2), 77–95.
Shuman, L. J., Olds, B. M., & Besterfield-Sacre, M. (2014). Ethics assessment rubrics. In J. Britt Holbrook & M. Carl (Eds.), Ethics, science, technology, and engineering: A global resource (2nd ed., Vol. 2, pp. 175–178). Macmillan Reference: Farmington Hills, MI.
Steneck, N. H. (1994). Research universities and scientific misconduct: History, policies, and the future. Journal of Higher Education,65(3), 310–330.
Swanson, D. L., & Fisher, D. G. (Eds.). (2011). Got ethics? Toward assessing business ethics education. Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing.
Taylor, C. (2007). A secular age. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Towell, E. (2004). A further exploration of teaching ethics in the software engineering curriculum. In Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Software Engineering Education and Training, March 1–3, pp. 39–44.
Van Tyne, N., & Brunhart-Lupo, M. (2014). Ethics for the “Me” generation: How “Millennial” engineering students view ethical responsibility in the engineering profession. In Proceedings of the 2014 American Society of Engineering Education Annual Conference, Indianapolis, IN, June 15–18.
Velasquez, M., Andre, C., Shanks, T., & Meyer, M. J. (2009). Thinking ethically: A framework for moral decision making. http://www.scu.edu/ethics/practicing/decision/thinking.html.
Waples, E. P., Antes, A. L., Murphy, S. T., Connelly, S., & Mumford, M. D. (2009). A meta-analytic investigation of business ethics instruction. Journal of Business Ethics,87(1), 133–151.
Warwick, D. P. (1980). The teaching of ethics and the social sciences. Hastings-on-Hudson, NY: Institute of Society, Ethics, and the Life Sciences.
Zandvoort, H., Børsen, T., Deneke, M., & Bird, S. J. (2013). Editors’ overview: Perspectives on teaching social responsibility to students in science and engineering. Science and Engineering Ethics,19(4), 1413–1438.
Zilliox, S. H., Smith, J. M., Packard, C., & Mitcham, C. (forthcoming). Teaching the ethics of science and engineering through humanities and social science: A case study of evolving student perceptions of nanotechnology.
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank all those at Utah Valley University and Colorado School of Mines who have contributed to the EAC activities at both institutions. UVU’s Ethics Across the Curriculum has received support from many individuals including administrators Presidents Kerry Romesburg and Matthew Holland; Vice Presidents for Academic Affairs Lucille Stoddard, Ian Wilson, and Jeff Olsen; Ethics Center Directors David Keller and Brian Birch; Ethics Center Coordinators Amanda Peterson, Susanna Garcia, and Don LaVange; and numerous faculty members including Jill Jasperson, Rick McDonald, Michael Minch, Shannon Mussett, Sharon Staples, Barbra Wardel, Jonathan Westover, and Joe Wixom. Numerous additional faculty and community volunteers have served on the UVU EAC advisory board. At CSM recognition for their contributions is tendered especially to administrators Arthur Sacks, Steven Castillo, and Thomas Boyd; co-director Roel Snieder; fellow LAIS faculty member Sandy Woodson; EAC support staff Mirna Mattjik and Diane Witters; and a list of advisors that includes (but should not be limited to) Derrick Morgan, Chuck Stone, Chester Van Tyne, and Wendy Harrison.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mitcham, C., Englehardt, E.E. Ethics Across the Curriculum: Prospects for Broader (and Deeper) Teaching and Learning in Research and Engineering Ethics. Sci Eng Ethics 25, 1735–1762 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-016-9797-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-016-9797-7