Skip to main content
Log in

Development and Aging

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Biological Theory Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A great deal of progress has recently been made in characterizing the “mechanisms of aging.” A comparison with the mechanisms of development shows that the two sets of mechanisms are different; nevertheless, mechanisms of aging are conditioned by what happens during development. Aging and development also share some characteristics, such as a similar difficulty in attributing a precise temporal boundary to these processes. Other characteristics seem more specific to aging, such as the role of external (to the organism) and stochastic events in its progression. In fact, both development and aging are historical processes with a mixture of stochastic events and deterministic processes, the ratio of the two being different in each process. Therefore, it is concluded that aging does not fit with a broad, lifelong conception of development.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bateson P, Barker D, Clutton-Brock T, Deb D, D’Udine B et al (2004) Developmental plasticity and human health. Nature 430:419–421

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blasco MA (2007) Telomere length, stem cells and aging. Nat Chem Biol 10:640–647

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Borges RM (2009) Phenotypic plasticity and longevity in plants and animals: cause and effect? J Biosci 34:605–611

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brunet A, Rando TA (2007) From stem to stern. Nature 449:288–290

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burtner CR, Kennedy BK (2010) Progeria syndromes and ageing: what is the connection? Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 11:567–578

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen J-H, Martin-Gronert MS, Tarry-Adkins J, Ozanne SE (2009) Maternal protein restriction affects postnatal growth and the expression of key proteins involved in lifespan regulation in mice. PLoS ONE 4(3):e4950

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen E, Paulsson JF, Blinder P, Burstyn-Cohen T, Du D et al (2009) Reduced IGF-1 signaling delays age-associated proteotoxicity in mice. Cell 139:1157–1169

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fernandez-Capetillo O (2010) Intrauterine programming of ageing. EMBO Rep 11:32–36

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Finkel T, Serrano M, Blasco MA (2007) The common biology of cancer and ageing. Nature 448:767–774

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fontana L, Partridge L, Longo VD (2010) Extending healthy life span—from yeast to humans. Science 328:321–326

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fraga MF, Esteller M (2007) Epigenetics and ageing: the targets and the marks. Trends Genet 23:413–418

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gilbert SF (2011) Expanding the temporal dimensions of developmental biology: the role of environmental agents in establishing adult-onset phenotypes. Biol Theory. doi:10.1007/s13752-011-0008-0

  • Guarente L (2003) Ageless quest. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor

    Google Scholar 

  • Heijmans BT, Tobi EW, Stein AD, Putter H, Blauw GJ et al (2008) Persistent epigenetic differences associated with prenatal exposure to famine in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105:17046–17049

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Herndon LA, Schmeissner PJ, Dudaronek JM, Brown PA, Listner KM et al (2002) Stochastic and genetic factors influence tissue-specific decline in ageing C. elegans. Nature 419:808–814

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hooten NN, Abdelmohsen K, Gorospe M, Ejiogu N, Zonderman AB, Evans MK (2010) microRNA expression patterns reveal differential expression of target genes with age. PLoS one 5:e10724

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jacob F (1973) The logic of life: a history of heredity. Princeton University Press, Princeton

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaskellioff M, Muller FL, Paik J-H, Thomas E, Jiang S et al (2011) Telomerase reactivation reverses tissue degeneration in aged telomerase-deficient mice. Nature 469:102–106

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kenyon CJ (2010) The genetics of ageing. Nature 464:504–512

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kirkwood TBL, Austad SN (2000) Why do we age? Nature 408:233–238

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kirkwood TBL, Rose MR (1991) Evolution of senescence: late survival sacrificed for reproduction. Phil Trans R Soc Lond Ser B 332:15–24

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lazarov O, Mattson MP, Peterson DA, Pimplikar SW, van Praag H (2010) When neurogenesis encounters aging and disease. Trends Neurosci 33:569–579

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee H-W, Blasco MA, Gottlieb GJ, Horner JW II, Greider CW, DePinho RA (1998) Essential role of mouse telomerase in highly proliferative organs. Nature 392:569–574

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levi BP, Morrison SJ (2008) Stem cells use distinct self-renewal programs at different ages. Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quant Biol 73:539–553

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lindner AB, Demarez A (2009) Protein aggregation as a paradigm of ageing. Biochimimica et Biophysica Acta 1790:980–996

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lithgow GJ, White TM, Melov S, Johnson TE (1995) Thermotolerance and extended life-span conferred by single-gene mutations and induced by thermal stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:7540–7544

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lu T, Pan Y, Kao S-Y, Li C, Kohane I et al (2004) Gene regulation and DNA damage in the ageing human brain. Nature 429:883–891

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mather KA, Jorm AF, Parslow RA, Christensen H (2011) Is telomere length a biomarker of aging? A review. J Gerontol Ser A 66:202–213

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Medawar PB (1952) An unsolved problem of biology. Lewis, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Mentis A-FA, Kararizou E (2010) Does ageing originate in utero? Biogerontology 11:725–729

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murga M, Bunting S, Montana MF, Soria R, Mulero F et al (2009) A mouse model of ATR-Seckel shows embryonic replicative stress and accelerated aging. Nat Genet 41:891–899

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nicoglou A (2011) Defining the boundaries of development with plasticity. Biol Theory. doi:10.1007/s13752-011-0003-5

  • Nikolaev A, McLaughlin T, O’Leary DDM, Tessier-Lavigne M (2009) APP binds DR6 to trigger axon pruning and neuron death via distinct caspases. Nature 457:981–990

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oyama S, Griffiths PE, Gray RD (2001) Cycles of contingency: developmental systems and evolution. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA

    Google Scholar 

  • Rando TA (2006) Stem cells, ageing and the quest for immortality. Nature 441:1080–1085

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rossi DJ, Bryder D, Seita J, Nussenzweig A, Hoeijmakers J, Weissman IL (2007) Deficiencies in DNA damage repair limit the function of haematopoietic stem cells with age. Nature 447:725–729

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rossi DJ, Jamieson CHM, Weissman IL (2008) Stems cells and the pathways to aging and cancer. Cell 132:681–696

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sahin E, DePinho RA (2010) Linking functional decline of telomeres, mitochondria and stem cells during ageing. Nature 464:520–528

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sahin E, Colla S, Liesa M, Moslehl J, Müller FL et al (2011) Telomere dysfunction induces metabolic and mitochondrial compromise. Nature 470:359–365

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharpless NE, DePinho RA (2007) How stem cells age and why this makes us grow old. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 8:703–713

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Théry F (2011) Characterizing animal development with genetic regulatory mechanisms. Biol Theory. doi:10.1007/s13752-011-0004-4

  • Vijg J, Campisi J (2008) Puzzles, promises and a cure of ageing. Nature 454:1065–1071

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams GC (1957) Pleiotropy, natural selection, and the evolution of senescence. Evolution 11:398–411

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yu CE, Oshima J, Fu YH, Wijsman EM, Hisama F et al (1996) Positional cloning of the Werner’s syndrome gene. Science 272:258–262

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zernicka-Goetz M, Huang S (2010) Stochasticity versus determinism in development: a false dichotomy? Nat Rev Genet 11:743–744

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

I am indebted to Lucie Laplane, Francesca Merlin, Antonine Nicoglou, Thomas Pradeu, Frédérique Théry, and Michel Vervoort for helpful discussions, and to David Marsh for critical reading of the manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michel Morange.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Morange, M. Development and Aging. Biol Theory 6, 59–64 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13752-011-0010-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13752-011-0010-6

Keywords

Navigation