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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 25 February 2009
The Upanishadic thinkers arrived at the conception of the Atman—the self—through psychological reflection. By an analysis of consciousness, they concluded that the self was the primary reality. Further, they discovered that it was the same primary reality—the same principle—that formed the basis of the Universe. In this capacity the self was called the Brahman This psychological approach to the problem of ultimate reality is characteristic of the Upanishadic philosophy. It is interesting to note that the writers of the Upanishads have also offered cosmological speculations which led them independently to the positing of absolute existence.
page 446 note 2 Taittiriya, III. 1 (Yato va, imäni Bhutäni jäyante, etc.).
page 446 note 3 Chandogya, III. 14. 1.
page 446 note 4 Kena, III. iv.
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page 450 note 1 A Study of the Ethics of Spinoza, p. 38.
page 450 note 2 Vide Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, 1927.
page 451 note 1 Ethics, Part V, Prop. 40.
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page 452 note 1 P. 172, Indian Philosophy, Vol. I, Radhakrishnan, .Google Scholar
page 452 note 2 Isa. 15.
page 452 note 3 Katha. 1–2. 4. 5.
page 452 note 4 Chandogya 1. 1. 10.
page 452 note 5 Brih. 1. 3. 28.
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page 457 note 2 Vide supra.
page 458 note 1 Vide Adwaita Philosophy, by K. Sastri.
