Abstract
At first sight the interrelation between the two main themes of this paper, time structuring and time measurement, seems to be simple enough. Time is something that we measure and that we measure with. But what is it that we measure and how is it constructed that we come to think of it as being measurable? As Leach has pointed out, in any society the prevailing ideas about the nature of time and space are closely linked up with the kinds of measuring scales which are thought to be appropriate. If we alter the scales and dimensions with which we measure, we seem to alter the nature of that which is being measured, as well.
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Barndt, R. and Johnson, D.: “Time Orientations in Delinquents.” Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 51 (1955), 343–45.
Bailey, F.G.: Strategems and Spoils Oxford: B. Blackwell 1970. Bedini, S.: this volume.
Bell, W. and Mau, J., eds.: The Sociology of the Future. New York: Russell Sage Foundation 1971.
Bernstein, B.: Class, Codes and Control. Vol. I. London: University of London Press 1971.
Bourdieu, P.: “La société traditionelle, attitude à l’égard du temps et conduite économique,” Sociologie du Travail, 1 (1963), 24–44.
Bourdieu, P.: Esquisse d’une théorie de la pratique. Genève: Librairie Droz 1972.
Deffenbacher, K. and Brown, E.: “Memory and Cognition: an Information Processing Model of Man:” Theory and Decision, 4 (1973), 141 – 78.
Douglas, M.: “Population Control in Human Groups.” British Journal of Sociology (1966), 263.
Eliade, M.: Myths, Dreams and Mysteries. London: Harvill Press 1960.
Findlay, J.N.: “Time: a Treatment of some Puzzles.” In Problems of Space and Time. Ed., J.J.C. Smart. New York: Macmillan 1964. (1941).
Fraisse, P.: The Psychology of Time. New York: Harper & Row 1963.
Galtung, J.: “Images of the World in the Year 2000.” Vienna 1970. Private communication. Galtung, J.: Members of Two Worlds. Oslo: Universitets-forlaget 1971.
Goody, J. and Watt, I.: “The Consequences of Literacy.” Comparative Studies in Society and History, 5 (1962–63), 304–26; 332–45.
Holl, A.: Personal communication.
Holmberg, A.: “Age in the Andes.” In Aging and Leisure. Ed., R. Kleemeier. New York: Oxford University Press 1961.
Lazarsfeld, P.; Jahoda, M. and Zeisel, H.: Die Arbeitslosen von Marienthal. Leipzig: S. Hirzel 1933.
Leach, E.: “Some Anthropological Observations on Number, Time and Common Sense.” Paper presented at the Second International Congress on Mathematical Education. Exeter 1972. Mimeo.
LeShan, L.L.: “Time Orientation and Social Class.” Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 47 (1952), 589–92.
Lewis, D.: Five Families: Mexican Case Studies in the Culture of Poverty. New York: Basic Books 1959.
Luescher, K.: “The Social Psychology of Time.” Paper presented at the Colloquium in Social Psychology at Cornell University. Cornell 1970. Mimeo.
Michon, J.: “Processing of Temporal Information and the Cognitive Theory of Time Experience.” In The Study of Time. Vol. I. Eds, J.T. Fraser et al. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1972.
Miller, S.M.; Riessman, F.; Seagull, A.A.: “Poverty and Self-indulgence: a Critique of the Non-Deferred Gratification Pattern.” In Poverty in America. Eds., L.A. Forman, J.L. Kornbluth and A. Haber. Ann Arbor 1965.
Moenks, F.: “Zeitperspektive als psychologische Variable.” Archiv für die gesamte Psychologie 119 (1967), 131 – 61.
Moore, B.: Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy. Boston: Beacon Press 1966. Moore, W.: Man, Time and Society. New York: Wiley 1963.
Munn, N.D.: “Symbolic Time in the Trobriands of Malinowski’s Era: an Essay on the Anthropology of Time.” In N.D. Munn: Essays in Social Symbolism (To be published.)
Needham, J.; Ling, W. and de Sola Price, D.J.: Heavenly Clockwork: the Great Astronomical Clocks of Medieval China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1961.
Nuttin, J.: “The Future Time Perspective in Human Motivation and Learning.” in Proceedings of the 17th International Congress of Psychology. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company 1963. Pp. 60 – 82.
Ornstein, R.: On the Experience of Time. Middlesex, England: Penguin Books 1969.
Ortiz, S.: “Reflections on the Concept of Peasant Culture and Peasant Cognitive System.” In Peasants and Peasant Society. Ed., T. Shanin. Middlesex, England: Penguin Books 1971. Pp. 322 – 36.
Pocock, D.: “The Anthropology of Time-reckoning.” Contributions to Indian Sociology, 7 (1964), 18 – 29.
Price, D. de Solla: “Clockwork before the Clock and Timekeepers before Time-keeping.” This volume.
Rammstedt, O.: Revolution und das Bewusstsein von Zukunft. Universität Bielefeld 1972. Manuscript, private communication.
Rersohazy, R.: Histoire du mouvement mutualiste chrétien en Belgique. Paris/ Bruxelles: Erasme 1957.
Roth, H.: Time Tables: Structuring the Passage of Time in Hospital Treatment and Other Careers. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill 1963.
Schmutzer, M.: “Social Crystallization: Variations on a Structural Theme.” Essex University. Internal Memo, 1974.
Schneider, L. and Lysgaard, S.: “The Deferred Gratification Pattern.” American Sociological Review, 18 (1953), 14249.
Singer, J.L.; Wilensky, H. and McGraven, V.G.: “Delaying Capacity, Fantasy and Planning Ability.” Journal of Consulting Psychology, 20 (1956), 375 – 83.
Sorokin, P. and Merton, R.K.: “Social Time: a Methodological and Functional Analysis.” American Journal of Sociology, 42 (1937), 615 – 29.
Szalai, A., ed.: The Uses of Time. The Hague: Mouton 1972.
Talmon, Y.: “Millenarian Movements.” Archives Européens de Sociologie,7 (1966), 159–200. Toda, M.: “Time and Space in the Structure of Human Cognition.” This volume.
Vercauteren. P.: Cahiers d’observation de paysans ivoriens. Louvain: dactylographié 1965.
Von Foerster, H.: “On Self-Organizing Systems and their Environment.” In Self-Organizing Systems. Eds., M. Yavits and S. Cameron. Oxford, England: Pergamon Press 1960.
Worsley, P. The Trumpet Shall Sound. London 1968.
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1975 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Nowotny, H. (1975). Time Structuring and Time Measurement: On the Interrelation Between Timekeepers and Social Time. In: Fraser, J.T., Lawrence, N. (eds) The Study of Time II. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-50121-0_25
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-50121-0_25
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-50123-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-50121-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive