초록
신경과학 연구에서 첨단 영상기술의 도입은 사변적 논의에 머물었던 철학적 개념이나 주장에 대해서 사실적 토대에 접근할 수 있는 계기를 제공했다. 윤리학과도덕 심리학계의 일부 학자들 사이에는 도덕 판단의 근거를 fMRI와 같은 기법을활용하여 신경 과정 현상에서 규명하려는 움직임이 일고 있다. 조쉬아 그린은, 도덕 판단 일반이 무의식이나 직관에 의해서 이루어진다는 사회적 직관주의의 입장을 개별 도덕이론들에 적용하고자 한다. 그린에 의하면, 의무론은 실제 이성에 의한 결과에 따른 규범적 주장이 아니라 진화에 의해 형성된 도덕적 감정에 의해 유도된 심리적 유형이며, 그러한 감정적 반응을 이성적 추론에 의한 것으로 생각하는경향은 사후 합리화, 일종의 작화증(作話症)의 발로라고 주장한다. 그린은 더 나아가 의무론 본래의 이론은 규범적 관점에서 타당한 입론을 보장할 수 없으며, 공적영역에서의 의사결정에 있어서 결과론적 원리가 희망적인 관점이라고 제안한다. 이에, 본 논문은 그린의 논증 과정을 분석하여 재구성하였고, 그린의 논증에는도덕 판단에 대한 이해, 가설 설정과 검증 자료의 제시와 해석, 그리고 의무론에대한 조작적 정의와 규범적 평가 등에 있어서 의문점이 제기되고 있음을 밝혔다. 더 나아가 그린의 연구 방법과 결과와 문제점 등이 우리 도덕(과)교육에 시사할수 있는 바를 정리하였다. 도덕에 관한 과도한 과학주의와 사변적 논의에 대한 경계, 도덕성 본질에 대한 이해 지평의 확대와 신경윤리학과 뇌교육에서 도덕교육의영역 탐색 등이 언급된다.
키워드
J. D. 그린, 의무론, 신경과학, fMRI, 도덕적 작화증, 자동성, 도덕적감정과 직관, 진화론, 도덕 딜레마, 신경윤리학, 도덕교육, 뇌교육
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