Notes
Of course, “patriotism” can be defined in more than one way. I define it as love of one’s country, identification with it, and a special concern for its well-being and that of compatriots. I believe this definition has two virtues: it is helpful in philosophical discussions of the subject, and is in line with much, if not most, common usage.
Raz’s only example is friendship, while Scheffler looks at a range of relationships but expressly refrains from extending his account of special obligations to include patriotism or nationalism (2001, pp. 124–125).
For an earlier critique of this position along different lines, see Klampfer 1998.
One cannot be a patriot without being a good citizen, that is, without obeying one’s country’s government and its laws and fully participating in its public life (except, of course, if its laws and policies are seriously at odds with what one considers its true interests). But one can be a good citizen without being a patriot; for patriotism calls for special concern for one’s compatriots that goes beyond what good citizenship demands. Mason seeks to ground both obligations under the single heading of good citizenship.
References
Klampfer, F. (1998). Can the appeal to intrinsic value of citizenship really help us justify special duties to compatriots? In P. Kampits, K. Kokai, & A. Weiberg (Eds.), Applied Ethics: Proceedings of the 21st International Wittgenstein Symposium, vol. 1 (pp. 358–363). Kirchberg am Wechsel: Austrian Ludwig Wittgenstein Society.
Mason, A. (2000). Community, solidarity and belonging: Levels of community and their normative significance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Primoratz, I. (2002). Patriotism: a deflationary view. The philosophical forum, 33(4), 443–458.
Raz, J. (1989). Liberating duties. Law and philosophy, 8(1), 3–21.
Scheffler, S. (2001). Boundaries and allegiances: Problems of justice and responsibility in liberal thought. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Williams, B. (1981). Persons, character and morality. In his Moral luck: philosophical essays 1973–1980 (pp. 1–19). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Acknowledgments
Thanks to Andrew Alexandra, Simon Keller, and an anonymous reviewer for Acta Analytica for comments on a draft.
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Primoratz, I. Patriotism and the Value of Citizenship. Acta Anal 24, 63–67 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12136-009-0044-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12136-009-0044-6