Abstract
The Australian Productivity Commission and a Joint Select Committee on Gambling Reform have recommended implementation of a mandatory pre-commitment system for electronic gambling. Organizations associated with the gambling industry have protested that such interventions reduce individual rights, and will cause a reduction in revenue which will cost jobs and reduce gaming venue support for local communities. This article is not concerned with the design details or the evidence base of the proposed scheme, but rather with the fundamental criticism that a mandatory pre-commitment policy is an unacceptable interference with the liberty of the individual, and of organizations. It is argued that the concept of paternalism is a useful lens with which to study the interactions between business and society on this issue. It is contended that the benefits of a pre-commitment system to problem gamblers and society are socially and economically significant, and the cost to recreational gamblers, particularly the cost in terms of interference with the liberty of the individual, is minimal. Pre-commitment also requires gambling businesses to act in a more socially responsible manner. It is concluded that the proposed legislation constitutes a paternalistic intervention by government on the interaction between business and society, and that this is justified.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
Although some (e.g., Blaszcynski and Gainsbury 2011) suggest the absence of an upper limit will allow problem gamblers to set very high loss limits and play to those, thus not limiting the amount of their losses.
Parenthetically, it may also be that some gamblers are prevented from becoming problem gamblers by the intervention, as it will require them to place limits upon their gambling behaviour, so preventing it from becoming problematic.
References
Banks, G. (2011). Evidence and social policy: The case of gambling. Presentation to South Australian Centre for Economic Studies, Corporate Seminar, 30 March. http://www.pc.gov.au/speeches/evidence-and-social-policy-gambling. Accessed 29 May 2011.
Blaszcynski, A., & Gainsbury, S. (2011). Submission to the Joint Select Committee on Gambling Reform Inquiry into Pre-commitment Scheme. http://www.aph.gov.au/senate/committee/gamblingreform_ctte/precommitment_scheme/submissions.htm. Accessed 12 December 2011.
Boatright, J. R. (2009). Rent seeking in a market with morality: Solving a puzzle about corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 88, 541–552.
Brockway, G. (1993). Limited paternalism and the salesperson: A reconsideration. Journal of Business Ethics, 12, 275–279.
Cosans, C. (2008). Does Milton Friedman support a vigorous business ethics? Journal of Business Ethics, 87, 391–399.
Dworkin, G. (1971). Paternalism. In R. A. Wasserstrom (Ed.), Morality and the law (pp. 107–126). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Elster, J. (1979). Ulysses and the sirens. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Feinberg, J. (1971). Legal paternalism. In Rights, Justice and the Bounds of Liberty: Essays in Social Philosophy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Francis, A. (2011). Wilkie Sets Deadline for Pokies Reform Plan, 29 March. ABC Online. http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2011/03/29/3177087.htm. Accessed 29 May 2011.
Friedman, M. (1970). The social responsibility of business is to increase its profits. The New York Times Magazine, 33, 122–125.
Friedman, M. (1982). Capitalism and freedom. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Gillard, J., & Wilkie, A. (2010). Agreement, 2 September. http://resources.news.com.au/files/2010/09/02/1225913/448095-hs-news-file-gillard-wilkie-agreement.pdf. Accessed 29 August 2011.
Hart, H. L. A. (1963). Law, liberty and morality. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hing, N. (2001). Changing the odds: A study of corporate social principles and practices in addressing problem gambling. Journal of Business Ethics, 33, 115–144.
Hing, N., & Mackellar, J. (2004). Challenges in responsible provision of gambling: Questions of efficacy, effectiveness and efficiency. UNLV Gaming Research and Review Journal, 8, 43–58.
Hobson, P. (1984). Another look at paternalism. Journal of Applied Philosophy, 1, 293–304.
Homer. (2001). The Odyssey (S. H. Butcher & A. Lang, Vol. XXII, Trans.) New York: The Harvard Classics, P.F. Collier & Son, 1909–14; Bartleby.
Joint Select Committee on Gambling Reform. (2011). First report: The design and implementation of a mandatory pre-commitment system for electronic gaming machines, 6 May 2011, Parliament of Australia, Canberra. http://www.aph.gov.au/senate/committee/gamblingreform_ctte/precommitment_scheme/report/report.pdf. Accessed 29 May 2011.
Kleinig, J. (1983). Paternalism. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Leonard, T., Goldfarb, R., & Suranovic, S. (2000). New on paternalism and public policy. Economics and Philosophy, 16, 323–331.
Mele, D. (2008). Corporate social responsibility theories. In A. Crane, A. McWilliams, D. Matten, J. Moon, & D. Siegel (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of corporate social responsibility (pp. 47–82). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Mill, J. S. [1964(1859, 1861, 1863)]. Utilitarianism, liberty, representative government. London: Everyman.
Mond, J., Davidson, T., & McAllister, I. (2011). Public opinion poll on gambling: ANU poll, July, Australian National Institute for Public Policy and ANU College of Arts and Sciences. http://lyceum.anu.edu.au/wp-content/blogs/3/uploads//ANUpoll-%20Gambling1.pdf. Accessed 22 August 2011.
New, B. (1999). Paternalism and public policy. Economics and Philosophy, 15, 63–83.
Newell, P. (2011). National Press Club Address, 23 March. http://www.clubsnsw.com.au/Content/NavigationMenu/PolicyIssues/NationalPressClubAddress/default.htm. Accessed 2 June 2011.
Nower, L., & Blaszczynski, A. (2010). Gambling motivations, money-limiting strategies, and precommitment preferences of problem versus non-problem gamblers. Journal of Gambling Studies, 26, 361–372.
Productivity Commission. (1999). Australia’s Gambling Industries Inquiry Report, Canberra. http://www.pc.gov.au/projects/inquiry/gambling/docs/finalreport. Accessed 6 September 2011.
Productivity Commission. (2010). Gambling, Productivity Committee Enquiry Report, vol. 1, No. 50, Canberra. http://www.pc.gov.au/projects/inquiry/gambling-2009/report. Accessed 29 August 2011.
Slutske, W. S. (2006). Natural recovery and treatment-seeking in pathological gambling: Results of two U.S. National Surveys. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 297–302.
Slutske, W. S., Zhu, G., Meier, M. H., & Martin, N. G. (2011). Disordered gambling as defined by the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders and the south oaks gambling screen: Evidence for a common etiologic structure. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 130, 743–751.
Smith, A. [1976(1776)]. In R.H. Campbell & A.S. Skinner (Eds.), The Wealth of Nations (IV ii 9). New York: Oxford University Press.
Suurvali, H., Hodgins, D. C., Toneatto, T., & Cunningham, J. (2008). Treatment seeking among Ontario problem gamblers: Results of a population survey. Psychiatric Services, 59, 1343–1346.
Ten, C. L. (1980). Mill on liberty. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Thomas, M., & Buckmaster, L. (2010). Paternalism in social policy—When is it justifiable? Parliamentary Library Research Paper no. 8, 2010-11, 15 December, (Parliament of Australia). http://www.aph.gov.au/library/pubs/rp/2010-11/11rp08.pdf. Accessed 28 August 2011.
Watts, N. (2009). Merrylands sporting and bowling submission to the Productivity Commisssion. http://www.pc.gov.au/projects/inquiry/gambling-2009/submissions. Accessed 5 September 2009.
Weinstock, J., Burton, S., Rash, C. J., Moran, S., Biller, W., Krudelbach, N., et al. (2011). Predictors of engaging in problem gambling treatment: Data from the West Virginia problem gamblers help network. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 25, 372–379.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Prior Jonson, E., Lindorff, M. & McGuire, L. Paternalism and the Pokies: Unjustified State Interference or Justifiable Intervention?. J Bus Ethics 110, 259–268 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-1152-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-1152-y