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A Twenty-First Century Assessment of Values Across the Global Workforce

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An Erratum to this article was published on 16 November 2011

Abstract

This article provides current Schwartz Values Survey (SVS) data from samples of business managers and professionals across 50 societies that are culturally and socioeconomically diverse. We report the society scores for SVS values dimensions for both individual- and societal-level analyses. At the individual-level, we report on the ten circumplex values sub-dimensions and two sets of values dimensions (collectivism and individualism; openness to change, conservation, self-enhancement, and self-transcendence). At the societal-level, we report on the values dimensions of embeddedness, hierarchy, mastery, affective autonomy, intellectual autonomy, egalitarianism, and harmony. For each society, we report the Cronbach’s α statistics for each values dimension scale to assess their internal consistency (reliability) as well as report interrater agreement (IRA) analyses to assess the acceptability of using aggregated individual level values scores to represent country values. We also examined whether societal development level is related to systematic variation in the measurement and importance of values. Thus, the contributions of our evaluation of the SVS values dimensions are two-fold. First, we identify the SVS dimensions that have cross-culturally internally reliable structures and within-society agreement for business professionals. Second, we report the society cultural values scores developed from the twenty-first century data that can be used as macro-level predictors in multilevel and single-level international business research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73070, USA

    David A. Ralston

  2. Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada

    Carolyn P. Egri

  3. IAE d’Aix-en-Provence, Aix en Provence Cedex 2, France

    Emmanuelle Reynaud

  4. University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA

    Narasimhan Srinivasan

  5. Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

    Olivier Furrer

  6. Ben-Gurion University, Beersheba, Israel

    David Brock

  7. Estonia Business School, Tallinn, Estonia

    Ruth Alas

  8. Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany

    Florian Wangenheim

  9. University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain

    Fidel León Darder

  10. Yuan-Ze University, Jhongli City, Taiwan

    Christine Kuo

  11. University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia

    Vojko Potocan

  12. Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand

    Audra I. Mockaitis

  13. Johannes Kepler Universität, Linz, Austria

    Erna Szabo

  14. Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia

    Jaime Ruiz Gutiérrez

  15. University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

    Andre Pekerti

  16. Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan

    Arif Butt

  17. University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia

    Ian Palmer

  18. University of Hartford, West Hartford, CT, 06117-1599, USA

    Irina Naoumova

  19. Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA

    Tomasz Lenartowicz

  20. CIBER-Vilnius, Vilnius, Lithuania

    Arunas Starkus

  21. National Economics University, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Vu Thanh Hung

  22. University of Dallas, Irving, TX, 75062-9991, USA

    Tevfik Dalgic

  23. Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy

    Mario Molteni

  24. Instituto Tecnológico de Celaya, Celaya, Mexico

    María Teresa de la Garza Carranza

  25. VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands

    Isabelle Maignan

  26. CEMPRE-Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal

    Francisco B. Castro

  27. Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea

    Yong-lin Moon

  28. Monash University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia

    Jane Terpstra-Tong

  29. University of Zagreb, City of Zagreb, Croatia

    Marina Dabic

  30. Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China

    Yongjuan Li

  31. Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303-3003, USA

    Wade Danis

  32. University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland

    Maria Kangasniemi

  33. University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada

    Mahfooz Ansari

  34. George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20037, USA

    Liesl Riddle

  35. University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada

    Laurie Milton

  36. Hong Kong Institute of Education, Hong Kong, China

    Philip Hallinger

  37. University of Tennessee, Nashville, TN, 37211-5112, USA

    Detelin Elenkov

  38. University of Westminster, Westminster, UK

    Ilya Girson

  39. Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

    Modesta Gelbuda

  40. University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia

    Prem Ramburuth

  41. University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Tania Casado

  42. Clinica De Stress E Biofeedback, Porto Alegre, Brazil

    Ana Maria Rossi

  43. Pennsylvania State University—Berks, Reading, PA, 19610-1016, USA

    Malika Richards

  44. University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA

    Cheryl Van Deusen

  45. Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

    Ping-Ping Fu

  46. Lingnan University, Lingnan, Hong Kong

    Paulina Man Kei Wan & Moureen Tang

  47. Keppel Offshore and Marine, Singapore, Singapore

    Chay-Hoon Lee

  48. National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

    Ho-Beng Chia

  49. Nanjing Technical University, Singapore, Singapore

    Yongquin Fan

  50. Grand Junction, CO, USA

    Alan Wallace

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  1. David A. Ralston
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  35. Laurie Milton
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  36. Philip Hallinger
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  39. Modesta Gelbuda
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  40. Prem Ramburuth
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  41. Tania Casado
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  42. Ana Maria Rossi
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  43. Malika Richards
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  44. Cheryl Van Deusen
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  46. Paulina Man Kei Wan
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  47. Moureen Tang
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  48. Chay-Hoon Lee
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  49. Ho-Beng Chia
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  50. Yongquin Fan
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  51. Alan Wallace
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to David A. Ralston.

Additional information

An erratum to this article can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-1106-4

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Ralston, D.A., Egri, C.P., Reynaud, E. et al. A Twenty-First Century Assessment of Values Across the Global Workforce. J Bus Ethics 104, 1–31 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-0835-8

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