Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-r6qrq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T10:00:29.981Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Why the Mind is Not in the Head but in the Society's Connectionist Network

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2024

Roland Fischer*
Affiliation:
Portals Nous, Majorca

Extract

Nothing seems more possible to me than that people some day will come to the definite opinion that there is no copy in the… nervous system which corresponds to a particular thought, or a particular idea, or, memory.

Wittgenstein

In a recent essay it was emphasized that brain and mind appear to the mind as complementary and reciprocally recursive domains of a hermeneutic circle (Fischer, 1987). An outstanding and not yet recognized feature of this hermeneutic circle is that interpretation within this circle is not rule-governed and hence appears self-organized: individual features of the world (or the brain) become intelligible in terms of the whole context (of the mind)… while the entire context becomes intelligible through individual features (or brain functions). How, or from where then is significance arising?

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © 1990 Fédération Internationale des Sociétés de Philosophie / International Federation of Philosophical Societies (FISP)

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ashby, W.R. (1956), Introduction to Cybernetics, London, Chapman & Hall.Google Scholar
Békésy, V.G. (1964), “Olfactory analogue to directional hearing”, Journ. Appl. Physiol. 19, 369373.Google Scholar
Benzon, W.L. & Hays, D.G. (1988), “Principles and development of natural intelligence “, J. Soc. & Biol. Struct., 11, 293322.Google Scholar
Berkowitz, G.C. & Tschirgi, R.D. (1988), “The biological foundations of space and the evolution of spatial dimension”, J. Soc. & Biol. Struct., 11, 323335.Google Scholar
Birchmeier-Nussbaumer, A.K. (1974), “Die Penfieldschen Hirnreizexperimente im Lichte einer Sprachanalyse von zugehörigen Patientenaussagen”, Schweiz. Archiv f. Neurochirurgie und Psychiatrie, 114, 3756.Google Scholar
Bouleau, Ch. (1963), The Painter's Secret Geometry, London, Thames & Hudson.Google Scholar
Bridgeman, B. (1987), “A book review of Mind and Brain“, Le Doux J.E. & Hirst, W. (Eds.), New York, Cambridge University Press 1986, Science, 235, 373374.Google Scholar
Broca, P. (1865), “Sur la siège de la faculté du language articulé “, Bulletins de la Societé d'Anthropologie, 6, 377–93.Google Scholar
Butler, T.M. (1982), “Mimesis, scandal, and the end of history in Mondrian's aesthetics“, The Journal of Mind & Behavior, 3, 411426.Google Scholar
Churchland Smith, P. (1986), Neurophilosophy, Cambridge, Mass., SAGE Publications.Google Scholar
Corballis, M.C. (1985), “Right and left as symbols”, Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 8, 636–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Creutzfeldt, O.D. (1977), “Physiological conditions of consciousness”, Excerpta Medica Intl. Congress Series No. 434 Neurology, Proceedings 11th World Congress of Neurology, Amsterdam, Sept. 11-16, pp. 194208.Google Scholar
Creutzfeldt, O.D. (1978), in Architectonic of the Cerebral Cortex, Brazier, M.A.B. & Petsche, H. (Eds.), New York, Raven Press.Google Scholar
Petsche, H. (1979), in Brain and Mind, Ciba Foundation Series 69, October, Excerpta Medica.Google Scholar
Davis, J.W. (1960), “The Molineux Problem”, Journal History of Ideas, 21, 392408.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Delong, A.J. (1981), “Phenomenological space-time”, Science 213, 681–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Descartes, R. (1976), Descartes' Conversations with Beerman. Oxford, Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Eldredge, N. (1986), “Progress in evolution”, New Scientist, June 5, 5457.Google Scholar
Eling, P. (1984), “Broca and the relation between handedness and cerebral speech dominance”, Brain and Language, 22, 158–59.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fischer, R. (1966), in The Voices of Time, Fraser, J.T. (Ed.), New York, Braziller, pp. 357382 & 657–666.Google Scholar
Fraser, J.T. (1969), in Proceedings of the 4th Interntl. Congress on Pharmacology, July 14-18, Basel R. Eigenmann (Ed.) Vol. 3, 28-77. Stuttgart -Basel, Schwabe & Co.Google Scholar
Fraser, J.T. (1975), “Cartography of inner space”, in Hallucinations. Siegel, R.K. & West, J.L. (Eds.), New York, Wiley.Google Scholar
West, J.L. (1979), in Expanding Dimension of Consciousness. Sugerman, A.A. & Tarter, R.E. (Eds.), New York, Springer.Google Scholar
Tarter, R.E. (1979-80), “On the remembrance of things future. The psychobiology of divination”, Diogenes, No. 108, 1738.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tarter, R.E. (1986), in Handbook of States of Consciousness, Wolman, B. & Hullman, M. (Eds.), New York, Van Nostrand, pp. 395427.Google Scholar
Hullman, M. (1987), “Emergence of mind from brain: the biological roots of the hermeneutic circle”, Diogenes, No. 138, 125.Google Scholar
Hullman, M. (1989), “Models of Meaning“. J. Soc. & Biol. Struct. (in press).Google Scholar
Hullman, M. (1989a), “The time-like nature of mind: mind functions as temporal patterns of the neural network”, Diogenes, No. 147, 5276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hullman, M. Kappeler, T., Wisecup, P. & Thatcher, K. (1970), “Personality trait-dependent psychomotor performance under psilocybin”, I, Diseases of the Nervous System, 31, 91101.Google Scholar
Thatcher, K. & Hill, R.M. (1971), “Psychotropic drug-induced transformation of visual space”, International Pharmacopsychiatry, 6, 2837.Google Scholar
Foerster, V.H. (1977), “Epistémologie génétique et équilibration”. In Hommage à Jean Piaget, Inhelder, B. et. al. (Rédacteurs), Neuchâtel, Delachaux et Niestel, pp. 7689.Google Scholar
Focault, M. (1970), The Order of Things; An Archaeology of the Human Sciences, London, Tavistock.Google Scholar
Freud, S. (1900), The Interpretation of Dreams, Standard Edition, vols. 4-5 (1953), chapter 7, B. p. 684.Google Scholar
Gallistel, C.R. (1981), “Precis of Gallistel's The Organization of Action: A New Synthesis”, the Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 4, 609650.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gardner, H. (1974), The Quest for Mind, New York, Vintage Books, Random House.Google Scholar
Georgopoulos, A.P., Schwartz, A.B. & Kettner, R.E. (1986), Science, 233, 1416–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gregory, R.L. (1981), Mind in Science, London, Weidenfeld & Nicolson.Google Scholar
Harnad, S. (1982), “Metaphor and mental duality”, in Language, Mind and Brain, Simon, T.W. & Scholes, R.J., (Eds.), Hillsdale, N.J., Laurence Erlbaum Assoc.Google Scholar
Harth, E. (1986), “Does the brain compute?Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 9, 9899.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Held, R. & Rekosh, J. (1963), “Motor-sensory feedback and geometry of visual space”, Science, 141, 722723.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Held, R. (1965), “Plasticity in the sensorimotor system”, Science, 213, 8492.Google Scholar
Hill, R.M. & Fischer, R. (1970), “Psilocybin-induced transformation of visual space “, Pharmakopsychiatrie Neuropsychopharmakologie, 3, 256267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hollerbach, J.M. (1981), “An oscillation theory of handwriting”, Biological Cybernetics, 39, 139–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Honderich, T. (1988), A Theory of Determinism, Oxford, Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Horowitz, M.J., Adams, J.E. & Rutkin, B.B. (1968), “Visual imagery on brain stimulation”, Archives of General Psychiatry, 19, 469486.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ishibashi, T. et al. (1964), “Hallucinations produced by electrical stimulation of the temporal lobes in schizophrenic patients”, Tohuku Journal of Experimental Medicine, 82, 124239.Google Scholar
Jammer, M. (1960, The Philosophy of Quantum Mechanics, New York, Wiley.Google Scholar
Jasper, H.H. (1986), “The biological purpose of sleep”, Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 9, 409.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jeannerod, M. (1985), The Brain Machine. D. Urion (transl.) Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
John, E.R., Tang, Y., Brill, A.B., Young, R. & Ono, K. (1966), “Doublelabeled metabolic maps of memory”, Science, 233, 11671175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klinger, E. (1978-79), “Dimensions of thought and imagery in normal waking states”, Journal of Altered States of Consciousness, 4, 97113.Google Scholar
Kohler, , (1964), “ The formation and transformation of the visual world”, Psychological Issues, 3, (No. 4) Monograph 12, New York, Intl. University Press.Google Scholar
Lacan, J. (1977), Écrits: A Selection, A. Sheridan (transl.), New York, Norton.Google Scholar
Landy, M.S. (1986), “The gap from sensation to cognition”, Behavior, & Brain Sciences, 9, 101–2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lashley, K.S. (1950), “In search of the engram”, Symposia of the study for Experimental Biology, 4, 454–82.Google Scholar
Lenneberg, E.H. (1967), Biological Foundations of Language, New York, Wiley. — Amer. Scientists, 75, 252–9.Google Scholar
Ledoux, J.E. (1986), See under Bridgeman. B. (1987).Google Scholar
Libet, B. et. al. (1985), “Cerebral processes and conscious functions “, Symposium 15th, Annual Meeting, Society for Neuroscience, Dallas, Oct. 20-25. Abstracts, p. 1. See also, ibidem, Behav. & Brain Sciences, 8, 529-557.Google Scholar
Mclean, C. (1977), The Wolf Children, New York.Google Scholar
Mandell, A.J. (1980), in The Psychobiology of Consciousness. Davidson, J.M. & Davidson, R.J. (Eds.), New York, Plenum.Google Scholar
Mikaelian, H.H. & Malatesta, V. (1974), “Specialized adaptation to displaced vision”, Perception, 3, 135139.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mondrian, P. (1945), Plastic Art and Pure Plastic Art, New York, Wittenborn, p. 25.Google Scholar
Nicolis, J.S. (1986), “Chaotic dynamics applied to information processing”, Reports on Progress in Physics, 49, 11091196.Google Scholar
Ojemann, G. (1986), “Brain mechanisms for consciousness and conscious experience”, Canadian Psychology, 27, 158168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Páz, O. (1949), Aquila o Sol? Eagle or Sun?, Weinberger, E. (transl.), New York, October House Inc.Google Scholar
Peat, R. (1975), “A holistic physiology of memory”, Multidisciplinary Research, 3, Part 2, 2932.Google Scholar
Peirce, Ch. S. (1984), Writings of Charles S. Peirce 2. Bloomington, Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Pellionisz, A.J. (1986), “Old dogmas and new axioms in brain theory”, Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 2, 103–4.Google Scholar
Penfield, W.C. (1955), “The role of the temporal cortex in certain psychical phenomena”, 29th Maudsley Lecture, J. Mental Science, 101, 451465.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Penfield, W.C. & Perot, P., (1963), “The brain's record of auditory and visual experience “, Brain, 86, 595666.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Piaget, J., (1954), The Construction of Reality in the Child, New York, Basic Books. Chapter 4, pp. 320349.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pringle, J.W.S. (1978), “The mechanism of knowledge: limits of prediction “, Paper presented at the 5th Intl. Conference on the Unity of Sciences. Washington, D.C., Hilton, November 2.Google Scholar
Rock, I. (1983), The Logic of Perception, Cambridge, Mass., SAGE Publications.Google Scholar
Rossler, O.E. (1987), “Anaxagoras' idea of the infinitely exact chaos”, in Chaos in Education Tracting Non-Linear Phenomena, II. Proceedings of an Intl. Workshop, Lake Balaton, April Marx, G., (Ed.) Veszprén, Hungary NT. Cfr. Educational Technology Publication.Google Scholar
Rummelhart, D.E., Mcclelland, J.L. & the PDP Research Group (1986), Parallel Distributed Processing, Vols. I & II Cambridge, Mass., SAGE Publications.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schuman, M. (1976), “Penfield confronts the only question that counts" Brain Mind Bulletin, 1, (6) 1.Google Scholar
Senden, V.M. (1960), Space and Sight, The Perception of Space and Shape in the Congenitally Blind, Before and After Operation, P. Heath, (transl.), London, Methuen.Google Scholar
Snyder, D.M. (1988), “On the time of peripheral sensation”, J. Theor. Biol., 130, 253–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spence, D. (1983), “Narrative truth and historical truth”, (reviewed by P. Lomas In Times Literary Supplement, August 12, p. 860) New York, Norton.Google Scholar
Spencer Brown, G. (1969), Laws of Form. London, George Allen & Unwin.Google Scholar
Stratton, G.M. (1897), “Upright vision and the retinal image”, Psychological Review, 4, 341360; 463–481.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stuart Fox, M. (1986), “The unit of replication in socio-cultural evolution “, J. Soc. Biol. Struct., 9, 6789.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tenhouten, W. (1976), “More on split-brain research, culture and cognition”, Current Anthropology, 17, 503511.Google Scholar
Thatcher, K., Kappeler, T., Wisecup, P. & Fischer, R. (1970), “Personality trait-dependent performance under psilocybin”, II, Diseases of the Nervous System 31, 181192.Google ScholarPubMed
Vygotsky, L.S. (1981), “The genesis of higher mental functions”, in The Concept of Activity in Soviet Psychology, Vertsch, J.V. (Ed.), Armonk N.Y., Sharpe, pp. 144148.Google Scholar
Wittgenstein, L. (1982), in Last Writings on the Philosophy of Psychology, Chicago, Chicago University Press, Vol. 1, 504; (65c) (66c).Google Scholar
Zabara, J. (1973), “Autorhythmic structure of the brain”, Cybernetica, 2, 7798.Google Scholar
Zeeman, E.C. (1975), Symposium in Catastrophe Theory, Seattle, Springer Lecture Notes.Google Scholar