Anscombe's Moral PhilosophyG.E.M. Anscombe (1919-2001) was one of the most important, outspoken, and misunderstood philosophers of the twentieth century. More than anyone else she revived virtue ethics and the philosophy of action. She was also almost alone in publicly opposing Oxford University's decision to award an honorary degree to President Truman. She regarded his decision to authorize bombing Hiroshima and Nagasaki as murderous. Some liberals admire her for this stand, but conservatives also admire her for her opposition to abortion, contraception, and same-sex marriage. Clearly her values were not those of her times. This led her to reflect on the differences, producing such works as "Modern Moral Philosophy," in which she rejects all modern theories of ethics. In this paper she coins the term "consequentialism" to describe the dominant view, which she rejects, that what matters morally is the results of what one does. Put crudely, the ends can justify the means. For examples, if enough lives can be saved by targeting civilians, then civilians should be targeted. Against this, Anscombe insists that certain actions are always forbidden, prompting her interest in the nature of action and its relation to a person's character. Whether or not one agrees with her, these are all issues that continue to be relevant and on which Anscombe's views are always strong and intelligently defended. Her presentation of these views, unfortunately, is often dense, and they are often badly misunderstood even by some very able minds. |
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