We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 January 2024
1 See Fr.Rhonheimer, Martin, ‘L’“herméneutique de la réforme” et la liberté de religion’, Nova et Vetera, no 4, 0ct.-Dec. 2010Google Scholar.; ‘Benedict XVI's “Hermeneutic of Reform” and Religious Freedom’, Nova et Vetera vol. 9, no. 4, English edition, (2011); Prof. Thomas Pink, ‘Rhonheimer on religious liberty’, at http://rorate-caeli.blogspot.com/2011/08/on-religious-liberty-and-hermeneutic-of.html#more; ‘Suarez and Bellarmine on the Church as coercive lawgiver’, https://www.academia.edu/8577465/Suarez_and_Bellarmine_on_the_Church_as_Coercive_Lawgiver; ‘What is the Catholic doctrine on religious liberty?’, https://www.academia.edu/639061/What_is_the_Catholic_doctrine_of_religious_liberty.
2 Rhonheimer (2011), p. 1038.
3 Rhonheimer (2011), pp. 1039–1040.
4 Cassius, Dio, Loeb Classical Library, Roman History, vol. VI (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1917), 36:1, p . 173Google Scholar. The speech is of course not historical, and expresses Dio's own political ideas, but these ideas were characteristic of the senatorial class to which he belonged.
5 All biblical citations are from the RSV.
6 The Theodosian Code, tr. Pharr, Clyde (New York, N.Y.: Greenwood Press, 1952), book XVI, title 1, 2, p. 440Google Scholar.
7 The Theodosian Code (1952), book XVI, title 5, 39, p. 457.
8 Sr.Chrysostom, John, Library of the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, vol. X: Homilies on the Gospel of St. Matthew, tr. Prevost, G., rev. Riddle, M. B. (New York: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1886), p. 289Google Scholar.
9 See Liebeschuetz, J.H.W.G., Ambrose of Milan: Political Letters and Speeches (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2010)Google Scholar, and Ambrose and John Chrysostom: Clerics between Desert and Empire (Oxford: OUP, 2011)Google Scholar.
10 Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers: Second Series, Volume XII Leo the Great, Gregory the Great, Schaff, Philip and Wace, Henry eds. (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1997), p. 100Google Scholar.
11 For Celestine's letter and the teaching it contains, see F. Cavallera, ‘La doctrine du prince chrétien’, Bulletin de literature ecclésiatique, 1937, pp. 67–78, 119–135, 167–179.
12 Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series, Vol. 14: The Seven Ecumenical Councils, Philip Schaff and Henry Wace eds. (Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1900), p. 337.
13 SirElton, Geoffrey, ‘Introduction’, Studies in Church History 21: Persecution and Toleration, Sheils, W. J ed. (Basil Blackwell: Oxford, 1984), p. xiiiGoogle Scholar; for this consensus see also Peter Garnsey, ‘Religious toleration in classical antiquity’, in Sheils (1984), p. 1; Paschoud, François, ‘L'Intolerance chrétienne vue et jugée par les païens,’ Cristianesimo nella Storia, 11 (1990), pp. 545–77Google Scholar; Brown, Peter, ‘Christianisation and religious conflict’, The Cambridge Ancient History vol. 13: The Late Empire, A.D. 337–425 (Cambridge: Cambride University Press, 2008)Google Scholar.
14 Drake, H.A., Constantine and the Bishops: The Politics of Intolerance (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000)CrossRefGoogle Scholar. Digeser, Elizabeth DePalma, ‘Lactantius, Eusebius and Arnobius: Evidence for the Causes of the Great Persecution’, Studia Patristica 39 (2006): 33–46Google Scholar: ‘Lactantius, Porphyry, and the Debate over Religious Toleration’, Journal of Roman Studies 88 (1998), 129–46CrossRefGoogle Scholar: The Making of a Christian Empire: Lactantius and Rome (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2000)Google Scholar: ‘Porphyry, Lactantius, and the Paths to God,’ Studia Patristica: Papers presented at the Thirteenth International Conference on Patristic Studies held in Oxford 1999, vol. 34. M. F. Wiles and E. J. Yarnold eds. (Peeters: Leuven, 2001), 521–8.
15 The Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. VII: Fathers of the Third and Fourth Centuries, Roberts, Alexander, Donaldson, James, and Coxe, A. Cleveland eds. (Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1886), p. 244Google Scholar.
16 Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. VII (1886), p. 156.
17 Drake (2000), pp. 346–350,416, 481.
18 See Pierre Bayle, Nouvelles de la république des lettres, in Oeuvres diverses de Pierre Bayle (La Haye, 1727–1731), vol. 1, p. 576. Bayle here follows Sebastian Castellio, who makes a similar appeal to Tertullian and Lactantius in his Concerning heresies.
19 See Brown (2008) on this conception of war between spiritual powers.
20 On this chorus see Digeser, Elizabeth, ‘An Oracle of Apollo at Daphne and the Great Persecution’, Classical Philology 99 (2004): 57–77CrossRefGoogle Scholar.
21 ‘In tanta igitur depravatarum opinionum perversitate, Nos Apostolici Nostri officii probe memores, ac de sanctissima nostra Religione, de sana doctrina, et animarum salute Nobis divinitus commissa, ac de ipsius humanae societatis bono maxime solliciti, Apostolicam Nostram vocem iterum extollere existimavimus. Itaque omnes et singulas pravas opiniones ac doctrines hisce Litteris commemoratas Auctoritate Nostra Apostolica reprobamus, proscribimus atque damnamus, easque ab omnibus catholicae Eccelsiae filiis, veluti reprobatas, proscriptas atque damnatas omnino haberi volumus et mandamus.’ Vaughan, Herbert, The year of preparation for the Vatican Council : including the original and English of the encyclical and syllabus, and of the papal documents connected with its convocation (London: Burns, Oates and Co, 1869), pp. xiii-xivGoogle Scholar.
22 The assertion that the encyclical did not contain infallible teaching was dismissed as ‘manifestly improbable’, ‘plane improbabile’, by canonists; see Wernz, F.-X., Jus decretalium ad usum praelectionium in scholis textus canonici sive juris decretalium (Romae: ex Typographia polyglotta S. C. de propaganda fide 1898–1914), Vol. 1 (1905), not. 58, p. 385Google Scholar.
23 John Henry Newman, Letter addressed to the Duke of Norfolk, on occasion of Mr. Gladstone's Expostulation of 1874, in Certain Difficulties Felt by Anglicans In Catholic Teaching Considered (London: Longmans, Green and Co, 1900), vol. 2, p. 317Google Scholar.
24 See S.J.Murray, John Courtney, ‘Vers une intelligence du développement de la doctrine de l’Église sur la liberté religieuse’, in Vatican II: La liberté religieuse (Paris: Éditions du Cerf, 1967)Google Scholar, J. Hamer and Y. Congar eds.; see esp. pp. 118–121, 128, 131–132, 137–138. The English original of this paper has not been published, but can be found in the Murray Archives, file 7–517.
25 Grootaers, Jan, Actes et acteurs à Vatican II (Leuven: Leuven University Press, 1998), p. 285Google Scholar.
26 Alberigo, Giuseppe and Komonchak, Joseph, History of Vatican II, vol. V (Maryknoll: Orbis, 2006), pp. 545–6, 548Google Scholar.
27 See Chenaux, Philippe, Paul VI et Maritain: Les Rapports du ‘Montinianisme’ et du ‘Maritanisme’ (Brescia: Istituto Paolo VI, 1994)Google Scholar.
28 See Jacques, and Maritain, Raïssa, Oeuvres completes vol. XVI (Fribourg: Éditions universitaires, 1999), p. 1086Google Scholar.
29 These disagreements are chronicled by Grootaers (1998), who notes the ‘profound dissatisfaction of the most representative figures of the Conciliar majority at the proposed Murray-Pavan draft text’; p. 78.
30 See Vatican II: La liberté religieuse (1967) p. 81, and Grootaers, Jan, Actes et acteurs à Vatican II (Leuven: Leuven University Press, 1998), p. 285Google Scholar.
31 See Wiltgen, Ralph, The Rhine Flows Into the Tiber (Chawleigh: Augustine Publishing, 1978), pp. 247–249Google Scholar.
32 See the council's Acta Synodalia IV, V (Roma : Typis Polyglottis Vaticanis), pp. 79, 102–102, 116Google Scholar.
35 See footnote 40 below.
37 John Courtney Murray, ‘Arguments for the Human Right to Religious Freedom’, at http://woodstock.georgetown.edu/library/murray/1968.htm.
38 Yves Congar, ‘Que faut-il entrendre par “Déclaration”?’, in Vatican II: La liberté religieuse (1967), p. 51.
40 See Vatican II: La liberté religieuse (1967), pp. 69–71, on this passage. The passage does not specify whether, in referring to the right of following the just rule of conscience, ‘ad rectam conscientiae suae normam’, it understands ‘just rule of conscience’ in the Thomist sense as a conscience that conforms to the objective norms of truth, or in the Suarezian sense as a conscience whose judgment can morally be followed, even if the judgment is false.
41 Hackett (1959), p. 52. This meaning of ‘ordo publicus’ in canon law also discussed in C. Antoine, ‘Étrangers’, Dictionnaire de théologie catholique t. 5.1, col. 986: A. Molien, ‘Lois’, Dictionnaire de théologie catholique t. 9.1, col. 894–895: New Commentary on the Code of Canon Law, John P. Beal, James A. Coriden, Thomas J. Green eds., (New York: Paulist Press, 2000), p. 66: R. Le Picard, ‘La notion d'ordre public en droit canonique’, Nouvelle revue théologique, 55(1928), pp. 364–367, and ‘Bien public, bien privé’, dans Dictionnaire de droit canonique, t. II, éd. R. Naz, Paris, Librairie Letouzey et Ané, 1937, cols. 829–831: Hove, A. van, ‘Leges quae ordini publico consulunt’, Ephemerides theologicae Lovanienses, 1 (1924), pp. 153–155Google Scholar.
42 See Code of Canow Law Annotated, Caparros, Ernest, Thériault, Michel, and Thorn, Jean eds. (Montréal: Wilson & Lafleur, 2004), p. 41Google Scholar.
44 This sounds like a caricature, but it is in fact an accurate account of Maurras's views (whose expression he fudged or softened at times in order not to wound Catholic sensibilities). It is documented in Nguyen, Victor, Aux origines de l’Action française (Paris: Fayard, 1991)Google Scholar, and Sutton, Michael, Nationalism, Positivism and Catholicism: The Politics of Charles Maurras and French Catholics, 1890–1914 (Cambridge: CUP, 1982)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.
45 Descoqs, Pedro S. J., A travers l’œuvre de M. Ch. Maurras, 3rd ed. (Paris: Beauchesne, 1913)Google Scholar.
46 See Suarez, De Legibus, lib. I: De Natura Legis, 7:4, and lib. III: De Civili Potestate, 11:4, 11:9.
47 See Prévotat, Jacques, Les Catholiques et l’Action française, histoire d'une condamnation 1899–1939 (Paris: Fayard, 2001)Google Scholar.
48 On Vichy anti-Semitism, see Marrus, Michael and Paxton, Robert O., Vichy France and the Jews (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1995)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.
