Skip to main content
Log in

Managing Tensions in Corporate Sustainability Through a Practical Wisdom Lens

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Business Ethics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Previous research has underlined the significance of practical wisdom pertaining to corporate sustainability (CS). Recent studies, however, have identified managing opposing but interlocked tensions related to environmental, social, and economic aspects as one of the most crucial future challenges in CS. Therefore, we apply the established link between wisdom and sustainability to the pressing topic of managing tensions in CS. We commence with a literature overview of tensions in sustainability management, which manifests our basic work assumption concerning the need for practical wisdom in CS. We then discuss the threefold, mutual interconnectedness between practical wisdom and tension management in CS, which we illustrate in a conceptual model. Thereafter, we develop a set of propositions on how a practical wisdom approach influences CS in practice and how it differs from a business-case approach. In recognition of the conceptual character of our paper, we conclude by outlining potential practical applications and theoretical implications of the model and of the propositions. Limitations and avenues for further research are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Accenture. (2016). The UN global compact-Accenture strategy CEO Study 2016. http://www.unglobalcompact.org. Accessed 9 Oct 2017.

  • Alammar, F., & Pauleen, D. (2016). Exploring managers’ conceptions of wisdom as management practice. Journal of Management & Organization, 22(4), 550–565.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Angus-Leppan, T., Benn, S., & Young, L. (2010). A sensemaking approach to trade-offs and synergies between human and ecological elements of corporate sustainability. Business Strategy & the Environment, 19(4), 230–244.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ardelt, M. (2003). Empirical assessment of a three-dimensional wisdom scale. Research on Aging, 25(3), 275–324.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aristotle. (2009). The Nicomachean ethics (D. Ross, Trans.). New York: Oxford University Press.

  • Bachmann, C., Habisch, A., & Dierksmeier, C. (2017). Practical wisdom: Management’s no longer forgotten virtue. Journal of Business Ethics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3417-y.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bachmann, C., Sasse, L., & Habisch, A. (2018). Applying the practical wisdom lenses in decision-making: An integrative approach to humanistic management. Humanistic Management Journal, 2(2), 125–150.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baltes, P. B., & Staudinger, U. M. (2000). Wisdom. American Psychologist, 55(1), 122–136.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bansal, P. (2005). Evolving sustainably: A longitudinal study of corporate sustainable development. Strategic Management Journal, 26, 197–218.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barnett, M. L. (2007). Stakeholder influence capacity and the variability of financial returns to corporate social responsibility. Academy of Management Review, 32, 794–816.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barnett, M. L. (2016). The business case for corporate social responsibility. A critique and an indirect path forward. Business & Society. First Published Online 26 Jul 2016.

  • Battilana, J., & Dorado, S. (2010). Building sustainable hybrid organizations: The case of commercial microfinance organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 53(6), 1419–1440.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Battilana, J., Sengul, M., MAPache, A. C., & Model, J. (2015). Harnessing productive tensions in hybrid organizations: The case of work integration social enterprises. Academy of Management Journal, 58(6), 1658–1685.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beckmann, M., Hielscher, S., & Pies, I. (2014). Commitment strategies for sustainability: How business firms can transform trade-offs into win-win outcomes. Business Strategy & the Environment, 23(1), 18–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Belz, F. M., & Binder, J. K. (2017). Sustainable entrepreneurship: A convergent process model. Business Strategy & the Environment, 26(1), 1–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brinkmann, J. (2001). On business ethics and moralism. Business Ethics: A European Review 10(4), 311–319.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carroll, A. B., & Shabana, K. M. (2010). The business case for corporate social responsibility: A review of concepts, research and practice. International Journal of Management Reviews, 12(1), 85–105.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng, B., Ioannou, I., & Serafeim, G. (2014). Corporate social responsibility and access to finance. Strategic Management Journal, 35(1), 1–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crane, A., Henriques, I., Husted, B., & Matten, D. (2014). A new era for business & society. Business & Society, 54(1), 3–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Das, T. K., & Teng, B. S. (1999). Cognitive biases and strategic decision processes: An integrative perspective. Journal of Management Studies, 36(6), 757–778.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Delmas, M., & Blass, V. D. (2010). Measuring corporate environmental performance: The trade-offs of sustainability ratings. Business Strategy & the Environment, 19(4), 245–260.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Drake, F., Purvis, M., & Hunt, J. (2004). Meeting the environmental challenge: A case of win–win or lose–win? A study of the UK baking and refrigeration industries. Business Strategy & the Environment, 13(3), 172–186. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.401.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dyllick, T., & Hockerts, K. (2002). Beyond the business case for corporate sustainability. Business Strategy & the Environment, 11(2), 130–141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elkington, J. (1997). Cannibals with forks: The triple bottom line of 21st century business. Oxford: Capstone Publishing Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Epstein, M. J., Buhovac, A. R., & Yuthas, K. (2015). Managing social, environmental and financial performance simultaneously. Long Range Planning, 48(1), 35–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, R. E., Dunham, L., & Vea, J. M. (2007). Strategic ethics—strategy, wisdom and stakeholder theory: A pragmatic and entrepreneurial view of stakeholder strategy (Trans.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

  • Gao, J., & Bansal, P. (2013). Instrumental and integrative logics in business sustainability. Journal of Business Ethics, 112(2), 241–255.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gladwin, T. N., Kennelly, J. J., & Krause, T. S. (1995). Shifting paradigms for sustainable development: Implications for management theory and research. Academy of Management Review, 20(4), 874–907.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grassl, W. (2010). Aquinas on management and its development. Journal of Management Development, 29(7/8), 706–715.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grassl, W., & Habisch, A. (2011). Ethics and economics: Towards a new humanistic synthesis for business. Journal of Business Ethics, 99(1), 37–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Habisch, A., & Bachmann, C. (2016). Empowering practical wisdom from religious traditions: A Ricoeurian approach. International Journal of Corporate Social Responsibility, 1(10), 1–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haffar, M., & Searcy, C. (2017). Classification of trade-offs encountered in the practice of corporate sustainability. Journal of Business Ethics, 140(3), 495–522.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hahn, T., Figge, F., Aragón-Correa, J. A., & Sharma, S. (2016). Advancing research on corporate sustainability. Business & Society, 56(2), 155–185.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hahn, T., Figge, F., Pinkse, J., & Preuss, L. (2010). Trade-offs in corporate sustainability: You can’t have your cake and eat it. Business Strategy & the Environment, 19(4), 217–229.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hahn, T., Pinkse, J., Preuss, L., & Figge, F. (2015). Tensions in corporate sustainability: Towards an integrative framework. Journal of Business Ethics, 127(2), 297–316.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hahn, T., Preuss, L., Pinkse, J., & Figge, F. (2014). Cognitive frames in corporate sustainability: Managerial sensemaking with paradoxical and business case frames. Academy of Management Review, 39(4), 463–487.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hillman, A. J., & Keim, G. D. (2001). Shareholder value, stakeholder management, and social issues: What’s the bottom line? Strategic Management Journal, 22(2), 125–139.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hockerts, K. (2015). A cognitive perspective on the business case for corporate sustainability. Business Strategy & the Environment, 24(2), 102–122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Høvring, C. M., Andersen, S. E., & Nielsen, A. E. J. (2016). Discursive tensions in CSR multi-stakeholder dialogue: A Foucauldian perspective. Journal of Business Ethics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3330-4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Intezari, A. (2015). Integrating wisdom and sustainability: Dealing with instability. Business Strategy & the Environment, 24(7), 617–627.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Intezari, A., & Pauleen, D. J. (2014). Management wisdom in perspective: Are you virtuous enough to succeed in volatile times? Journal of Business Ethics, 120(3), 393–404.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Intezari, A., & Pauleen, D. J. (2017). Conceptualizing wise management decision-making: A grounded theory approach. Decision Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1111/deci.12267.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jamali, D. (2010). The CSR of MNC subsidiaries in developing countries: Global, local, substantive or diluted? Journal of Business Ethics, 93(S2), 181–200.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jansson, J., Nilsson, J., Modig, F., & Vall, H., G (2017). Commitment to sustainability in small and medium-sized enterprises: The influence of strategic orientations and management values. Business Strategy & the Environment, 26(1), 69–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen, M. C. (2001). Value maximisation, stakeholder theory, and the corporate objective function. European Financial Management Review, 7(3), 297–317.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, C. A. (2005). Wisdom paradigms for the enhancement of ethical and profitable business practices. Journal of Business Ethics, 57(4), 363–375.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaipa, P., & Radjou, N. (2013). From smart to wise: Acting and leading with wisdom (Trans.). Jossey-Bass: San Francisco.

  • Khalili, N. (2011). Practical sustainability: From grounded theory to emerging strategies (Trans.). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

  • Kleine, A., & Hauff, M. (2009). Sustainability-driven implementation of corporate social responsibility: Application of the integrative sustainability triangle. Journal of Business Ethics, 85(3), 517–533.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Küpers, W. M. (2007). Phenomenology and integral pheno-practice of wisdom in leadership and organization. Social Epistemology, 21(2), 169–193.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Küpers, W. M., & Pauleen, D. J. (2015). Learning wisdom: Embodied and artful approaches to management education. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 31(4), 493–500.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, G. (2013). Impacts of instrumental versus relational centered logic on cause-related marketing decision making. Journal of Business Ethics, 113(2), 243–263.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luque, M., Washburn, N. T., Waldman, D. A., & House, R. J. (2008). Unrequited profit. How stakeholder and economic values relate to subordinates’ perceptions of leadership and firm performance. Administrative Science Quarterly, 53(4), 626–654.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maon, F., Lindgreen, A., & Swaen, V. (2008). Thinking of the organization as a system: The role of managerial perceptions in developing a corporate social responsibility strategic agenda. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 25(3), 413–426.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Margolis, J. D., & Walsh, J. P. (2003). Misery loves companies: Rethinking social initiatives by business. Administrative Science Quarterly, 48(2), 268–305.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marker, A. W. (2013). The development of practical wisdom: Its critical role in sustainable performance. Performance Improvement, 52(4), 11–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McKenna, B., & Biloslavo, R. (2011). Human flourishing as a foundation for a new sustainability oriented business school curriculum: Open questions and possible answers. Journal of Management and Organization, 17(5), 691–710.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McKenna, B., Rooney, D., & Boal, K. B. (2009). Wisdom principles as a meta-theoretical basis for evaluating leadership. Leadership Quarterly, 20(2), 177–190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Melé, D. (2010). Practical wisdom in managerial decision making. Journal of Management Development, 29(7/8), 637–645.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moberg, D. (2008). Mentoring and practical wisdom: Are mentors wiser or just more politically skilled? Journal of Business Ethics, 83(4), 835–843.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mosakowski, E., & Earley, P. C. (2000). A selective review of time assumptions in strategy research. Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 796–812.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nonaka, I., Chia, R., Holt, R., & Peltokorpi, V. (2014). Wisdom, management and organization. Management Learning, 45(4), 365–376.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Painter-Morland, M., Sabet, E., Molthan-Hill, P., Goworek, H., & Leeuw, S. (2016). Beyond the curriculum: Integrating sustainability into business schools. Journal of Business Ethics, 139(4), 737–754.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Papagiannakis, G., Voudouris, I., & Lioukas, S. (2014). The road to sustainability: Exploring the process of corporate environmental strategy over time. Business Strategy & the Environment, 23(4), 254–271.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Porter, M. E., & Kramer, M. R. (2006). Strategy & society: The link between competitive advantage and corporate social responsibility. Harvard Business Review, 84(12), 78–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rhonheimer, M. (1994). Praktische Vernunft Und Vernünftigkeit Der Praxis. Handlungstheorie Bei Thomas Von Aquin in Ihrer Entstehung Aus Dem Problemkontext Der Aristotelischen Ethik (Trans.). Berlin: Akademieverlag.

  • Roca, E. (2008). Introducing practical wisdom in business schools. Journal of Business Ethics, 82(3), 607–620.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roos, J. (2017). Practical wisdom: Making and teaching the governance case for sustainability. Journal of Cleaner Production, 140(1), 117–124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Salzmann, O., Ionescu-Somers, A., & Steger, U. (2005). The business case for corporate sustainability: Literature review and research options. European Management Journal, 23(1), 27–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sasse, L. (2016). The practical wisdom behind the global reporting initiative. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference CSR, Sustainability, Ethics & Governance. 3rd International Conference CSR, Sustainability, Ethics & Governance Sustainable Management as a New Business Paradigm. Cologne.

  • Schaltegger, S., Beckmann, M., & Hansen, E. G. (2013). Transdisciplinarity in corporate sustainability: Mapping the field. Business Strategy & the Environment, 22(4), 219–229.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schneider, A., & Meins, E. (2012). Two dimensions of corporate sustainability assessment: Towards a comprehensive framework. Business Strategy & the Environment, 21(4), 211–222.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Searcy, C. (2016). Measuring enterprise sustainability. Business Strategy & the Environment, 25(2), 120–133.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma, S. (2000). Managerial interpretations and organizational context as predictors of corporate choice of environmental strategy. Academy of Management Journal, 43(4), 681–697.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sison, A., Hartman, E. M., & Fontrodona, J. (2012). Reviving tradition: Virtue and the common good in business and management. Business Ethics Quarterly, 22(1), 207–210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Skroupa, C. P. (2016). Societal needs-the responsibility of government or company? Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/sites/christopherskroupa/2016/05/18/meeting-the-needs-of-society-whose-job-is-it-corporations-or-government/#1e45c0696de8. Accessed 28 Sept 2017. 

  • Slawinski, N., & Bansal, P. (2012). A matter of time: The temporal perspectives of organizational responses to climate change. Organization Studies, 33(11), 1537–1563.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Slawinski, N., & Bansal, P. (2015). Short on time: Intertemporal tensions in business sustainability. Organization Science, 26(2), 531–549.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, W. K., & Lewis, M. W. (2011). Toward a theory of paradox: A dynamic equilibrium model of organizing. Academy of Management Review, 36(2), 381–403.

    Google Scholar 

  • Statler, M. (2014). Developing wisdom in a business school? Critical reflections on pedagogical practice. Management Learning, 45(4), 397–417.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sternberg, R. J. (1998). A balance theory of wisdom. Review of General Psychology, 2(4), 347–365.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sternberg, R. J. (2004). What is wisdom and how can we develop it? The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 591(1), 164–174.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trowbridge, R. H. (2011). Waiting for Sophia: 30 years of conceptualizing wisdom in empirical psychology. Research in Human Development, 8(2), 149–164.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van der Byl, C. A., & Slawinski, N. (2015). Embracing tensions in corporate sustainability: A review of research from win-wins and trade-offs to paradoxes and beyond. Organization & Environment, 28(1), 54–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van der Laan, G., Van Ees, H., & Van Witteloostuijn, A. (2008). Corporate social and financial performance: An extended stakeholder theory, and empirical test with accounting measures. Journal of Business Ethics, 79(3), 299–310.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Waldman, D. A., & Siegel, D. (2008). Defining the socially responsible leader. The Leadership Quarterly, 19(1), 117–131.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, K., Ni, N., & Dyck, B. (2015). Recipes for successful sustainability: Empirical organizational configurations for strong corporate environmental performance. Business Strategy & the Environment, 24(1), 40–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walsh, R. (2015). What is wisdom? Cross-cultural and cross-disciplinary syntheses. Review of General Psychology, 19(3), 278–293.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Webster, J. D. (2003). An exploratory analysis of a self-assessed wisdom scale. Journal of Adult Development, 10(1), 13–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Webster, J. D., Bohlmeijer, E. T., & Westerhof, G. J. (2014). Time to flourish: the relationship of temporal perspective to well-being and wisdom across adulthood. Aging & Mental Health, 18(8), 1046–1056.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wiengarten, F., Lo, C. K. Y., & Lam, J. Y. K. (2017). How does sustainability leadership affect firm performance? The choices associated with appointing a chief officer of corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 140(3), 477–493.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, M. (2003). Corporate sustainability: What is it and where does it come from? Ivey Business Journal, 67(6), 1–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wink, P., & Helson, R. (1997). Practical and transcendent wisdom: Their nature and some longitudinal findings. Journal of Adult Development, 4(1), 1–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wright, C., Nyberg, D., & Grant, D. (2012). Hippies on the third floor”: Climate change, narrative identity and the micro-politics of corporate environmentalism. Organization Studies, 33(11), 1451–1475.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xiang, W. (2016). Ecophronesis. The ecological practical wisdom for and from ecological practice. Landscape and Urban Planning, 155, 53–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Young, W., & Tilley, F. (2006). Can businesses move beyond efficiency? The shift toward effectiveness and equity in the corporate sustainability debate. Business Strategy & the Environment, 15(6), 402–415.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yu, J. (2006). Yi: Practical wisdom in Confucius’s analects. Journal of Chinese Philosophy, 33(3), 335–348.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zacher, H., Pearce, L. K., Rooney, D., & McKenna, B. (2014). Leaders’ personal wisdom and leader–member exchange quality. The role of individualized consideration. Journal of Business Ethics, 121(2), 171–187.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu, Y., Rooney, D., & Phillips, N. (2016). Practice-based wisdom theory for integrating institutional logics: A new model for social entrepreneurship learning and education. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 15(3), 607–625.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank three anonymous reviewers for their very useful suggestions on a previous draft. We greatly appreciate the comments received.

Funding

The authors confirm that no funding was received for this study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Laura F. Sasse-Werhahn, Claudius Bachmann or André Habisch.

Ethics declarations

Ethical Approval

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Sasse-Werhahn, L.F., Bachmann, C. & Habisch, A. Managing Tensions in Corporate Sustainability Through a Practical Wisdom Lens. J Bus Ethics 163, 53–66 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-018-3994-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-018-3994-z

Keywords

Navigation