Abstract
In recent years there has developed an increased general interest in the methods by which the efficacy of clinical therapies may be judged. The biomedical literature both in this country and abroad has contained many sophisticated essays on the methodology of the classical randomized controlled clinical trial and various alternatives to it.1Curiously, one specific clinical discipline, psychoanalysis with its extensive schools and variant forms of therapy, has until very recently been most reluctant to mount a clinical trial to determine the effectiveness of its modalities, though it has been criticized for not doing so by a number of philosophers, psychologists, and psychiatrists. It is not irrevelant on the more practical side to note that health insurance companies and the Federal government have become intensely interested in the question whether psychotherapy has any efficacy.2
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Beck, A. T., Rush, A. G., Shaw, B. F., and Emery, G. 1979.Cognitive Theory of Depression. New York: Guilford.
Bernard, C. 1957.An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine( 1865 ). Trans. H. C. Green. New York: Dover.
Byar, D. P., Simon, R. M., and Friedewald, W. T.et al1976. ‘Randomized Clinical Trials,’New England Journal of Medicine 295, 74–80.
Feinstein, A. 1977.Clinical Biostatistics. St. Louis: Mosby.
Fisher, R. A. 1970.Statistical Methods for Research Workers( 1925 ). New York: Hafner.
Fletcher, R. H., Fletcher, S. W., and Wagner, E. H. 1982.Clinical Epidemiology — The Essentials. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins.
Frank, J. 1973.Persuasion and Healing. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press.
Frieman, J. A., Chalmers, T. C., Smith, H. and Kuebler, R. R. 1978. ‘The Importance of Beta, the Type II Error and Sample Size in the Design and Interpretation of the Randomized Control Trial,’New England Journal of Medicine 299, 690–694.
Giere, R. 1977. ‘Testing Versus Information Models of Statistical Inference.’ InLogic, Laws and Life, R. Colodny (ed.).University of Pittsburgh Series in the Philosophy of Science, vol. 6. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, pp. 19–70.
Good, R. A., and Gabrielsen, A. (eds.). 1964.The Thymus in Immunobiology. New York: Harper and Row.
Grünbaum, A. 1980. ‘Epistemological Liabilities of the Clinical Appraisal of Psychoanalytic Theory,’Nous 14, 307 - 385.
Grünbaum, A. 1981. ‘The Placebo Concept,’Behaviour Research and Theory 19, 157–167.
Hoel, P. 1976.Elementary Statistics. 4th ed. New York: Wiley.
Kadane, J. B. and Sedransk, N. 1979. Toward a More Ethical Clinical Trial,’Proceedings of International Meeting on Bayesian Statistics, Valencia, Spain 1979.
Klerman, G. L,, Roundville, B., Chevron, E., Neu, C., and Weissman, M.Manual for Short-Term Interpersonal Psychotherapy. 4th draft. New Haven, forthcoming.
Kolata, G. B. 1981. ‘Clinical Trial of Psycho therapies is Under Way,’Science 212, 432–433.
Lancet. 1970. ‘Anticholinergics and Duodenal Ulcer,’ editorial inThe Lancet, p. 1173.
Lasagna, L. 1962.The Doctors’ Dilemmas. New York: Harper and Brothers.
Mackie, J. 1974.The Cement of the Universe. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Merz, J. T. 1904–1912.A History of European Scientific Thought in the Nineteenth Century. Reprint. New York: Dover, 1965.
Mill, J. S. 1959.A System of Logic( 1843 ). London: Longmans, Green and Co.
Miller, J. F. A. P. 1961. ‘Immunological Function of the Thymus,’Lancet 2, 748.
Murphy, E. 1974.Logic of Medicine. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press.
NIMH. 1980. ‘Psychotherapy of Depression Collaborative Research Program (Pilot Phase).’ Revised Research Plan, January 1980. Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Mental Health.
Savage, L. 1977. ‘The Shifting Foundations of Statistics.’ InLogic, Laws, and Life, R. Colodny (ed.). Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1977.
Schaffner, K. 1981. ‘The Last Patient in a Drug Trial.’Hastings Center Report2, no. 6 (December 1981), 21–23.
Tversky, A. and Kahneman, D. 1974. ‘Judgement Under Uncertainty,’Science185, 1124–1131.
Weinstein, M. C. 1974. ‘Allocation of Subjects in Medical Experiments,’New England Journal of Medicine 291, 1278–1285.
Wulff, H. R. 1976.Rational Diagnosis and Treatment. Oxford: Blackwell.
Zelen, M. 1979. ‘A New Design for Randomized Clinical Trials,’New England Journal of Medicine 300, 1242–1245.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1983 D. Reidel Publishing Company
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Schaffner, K.F. (1983). Clinical Trials: The Validation of Theory and Therapy. In: Cohen, R.S., Laudan, L. (eds) Physics, Philosophy and Psychoanalysis. Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science, vol 76. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-7055-7_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-7055-7_10
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-009-7057-1
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-7055-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive