Journal of the History of Philosophy

BOOK REVIEWS 281 the "pure" logic of Husserl, with its world-dismissing, life-iguoring, intentionality, undistractedly beholding essences of objects. This lifeless phenomenology then yields to the highly emotional and "material" phenomenology of Scheler and Hartmann. The ground is now prepared for the adventures of Heidegger into the forbidden land of existential phenomenology and basic ontology. Meanwhile Husserl's Cartesian Meditations have aroused French existentialism . There are briefer accounts of other philosophers, some living, some dead, some both; but they do not have the status nor the stature of the heroes of the recent past. My oversimplified summary of the main plot of Lamanna's history does not do justice to the meticulous detail in which he tells practically the whole story (except for the related stories of volumes I and III). These volumes are obviously good academic reference works, complete with bibliographies and indexes. But I have tried to suggest in these brief comments that they are much more. They are highly informative, but they are also bewildering true stories of the struggles of noble minds with problems that seem to lose themselves before they are solved and that lead these minds, and ours, into paths which in turn seem to end in a pathless present. HERSER~' W. SCHNEIDER Claremont, Calilornia Studies in the Philosophy o] Charles Sanders Peirce. Second Series. Edited by Edward C. Moore and Richard S. Robin. (Amherst, The University of Massachusetts Press, 1964. Pp. xiii + 525.) Essays by: Max H. F~sch, Victor F. Lenzen, Carolyn Eisele, Arthur N. Prior, Atwell R. Turquette, Don Davis Roberts, Edward tI. Madden, Arthur W. Burks, John W. Lens, Richard J. Bernstein, David Savan, Richard M. Martin, Idus Murphree, Rollin Workman, Walter P. Krolikowski, Richard S. Robin, W. Donald Oliver, Rulon Wells, Thomas A. Goudge, Nynfa Bosco, Larry Holmes, John F. Boler, Edward C. Moore, Manley Thompson, Victor Lowe, Charles Hartshome. Appendices: I, A First Supplement to Arthur W. Burks's Bibliography o] the Works o] Charles Sanders Peirce, by Max H. Fisch; II, A Draft o] a Bibliography o] Writings about C. S. Peiree, by Max H. Fisch with the assistance of Barbara E. Kretzmann and Victor F. Lenzen. These "studies" are not only "in the philosophy" but also in the manuscripts of Peirce and mark a very substantial growth in acquaintance with and analysis of the whole range of his work and writing. They are impressive testimony to the fertility of Peirce's imagination. Taken together they give us a much more adequate portrait of Peirce's mind than any other publication has so far given us. The steady growth of such researches yields a more accurate account of the relations between Peirce's technical work as a scientist and his philosophical observations of the general structure of the world. His distinction between the "idioscopy" of the sciences and the "coenoscopy" of philosophy is well illustrated in his own career and in his many contributions to knowledge, to say nothing of his endless excursions into speculation. Though he himself and his friends regarded Peirce as primarily a physical and mathematical scientist, he is now becoming increasingly important for the philosophical applications he made of his scientific labors. I cannot undertake to review the progress which this second series of studies makes over the first, nor even to indicate the wide range of subject-matter embodied in its twenty-six chapters and two bibliographies. In addition to recommending to the reader that he see for himself what a wealth of interesting material this volume provides, about all I can do here is to review the historical knowledge which is here assembled and which enables us to appreciate the extraordinary originality of Pcirce's thinking in his own time and environment. The re,;eat growth in publications about Peirce which the notes and bibliography call to our attention makes possible a general estimate of the historical circumstances that stimulated and guided the wanderings of his mind. The first trait in Peirce that is striking as one reflects on these essays is his emphasis on 282 HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY habits and on habit formation; he used this concept continualIy for the critical reconstruction of the psychology, logic, ontology, and cosmology...