Temporalization and the Digital Vigilante: Past Presencing, Un/Doing Futures and “Jewish Revenge” as Affective Justice in Talia Lavin’s Culture Warlords

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26522/ssj.v18i2.4409

Keywords:

temporalization, hate speech, justice, affect, figuration, digital vigilante

Abstract

This paper examines the figure of the hate-fighting digital vigilante as embodied through Aryan Queen, an online persona developed and depicted by self-proclaimed antifa member Talia Lavin in her book Culture Warlords. One chapter in the 2020 memoir relays Lavin’s pursuits to elicit and make known identifying information of Der Stürmer, an anonymous white supremacist online hater. I first locate Lavin’s undertaking in the porous policy landscape regulating online hate transnationally to make a case for its value as an entry into the navigation of hate on Telegram, a platform that has become a popular enclave for hate, and one that remains otherwise impenetrable to state efforts at formal governance. I then introduce the digital vigilante as a cultural figure that has become increasingly distinguished from, but developed in relation to, the classical or analogue vigilante in academic literature, albeit with only limited attention paid to the seemingly boundless temporality that constitutes the virtual sphere. Attending to processes of temporalization, I argue, can well serve an analysis of the moral universe within which the digital vigilante operates, thereby enabling a critical engagement with the motivations, methods, and intentions of her justice pursuits online. With the support of anthropological theories of temporalization – namely, past presencing, un/doing futures, and affective justice – I show that justice pursuits by way of digital vigilantism for Lavin are entangled with an affective longing for revenge, and manifest a complex intermingling of open wounds from injustices that emerge from and produce entanglements of the past, present, and future.

References

Abrahams, R. G. (1998). Vigilant citizens: Vigilantism and the state. Polity Press.

Ahmed, S. (2004). The cultural politics of emotion. Routledge.

Aswad, E. M. (2021). Taking exception to assessments of American exceptionalism: Why the United States isn’t such an outlier on free speech. Dickson Law Review, 126(1), 69-133. https://ideas.dickinsonlaw.psu.edu/dlr/vol126/iss1/5

Atreyee, S., & Pratton, D. (2007). Global vigilantes: Perspectives on justice and violence. In D. Pratton & S. Atreyee (Eds.), Global vigilantes (pp. 1-24). Hurst Publishers.

Blee, K., & Latif, M. (2019). Ku Klux Klan: Vigilantism against blacks, immigrants and other minorities. In T. Bjørgo & M. Mareš (Eds.), Vigilantism against migrants and minorities (pp. 31-42). Routledge.

Brindle, A. (2016). The language of hate: A corpus linguistic analysis of white supremacist language. Routledge.

Bundesjustizamt. (2018). Guidelines on setting regulatory fines within the scope of the Network Enforcement Act. https://www.bundesjustizamt.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/NetzDG/Leitlinien_Geldbussen_en.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=3

Bundesjustizamt. (2022, October 17). Bundesamt für Justiz erlässt Bußgeldbescheide gegen das soziale netzwerk telegram. https://www.bundesjustizamt.de/DE/ServiceGSB/Presse/Pressemitteilungen/2022/20221017.html

Chakkalakal, S., & Ren, J. (2022). Un/doing future, unsettling temporalization. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 46(5), 845-850. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.13101

Citron, D. K. (2014). Hate crimes in cyberspace. Harvard University Press.

Clarke, K. M. (2019). Affective justice: The International Criminal Court and the Pan-Africanist pushback. Duke University Press.

Czollek, M. (2022). Inglourious Jews: Revenge as a topos of Jewish self-empowerment. In M. Czollek, E. Riedel & M. Wenzel (Eds.), Revenge: History and fantasy (pp. 22-38). Carl Hanser Verlag.

Favarel-Garrigues, G. (2020). Digital vigilantism and anti-paedophile activism in Russia: Between civic involvement in law enforcement, moral policing and business venture. Global Crime, 21(3-4), 306-326. https://doi.org/10.1080/17440572.2019.1676738

Favarel-Garrigues, G., Tanner, S., & Trottier, D. (2020). Introducing digital vigilantism. Global Crime, 21(3-4), 189-195. https://doi.org/10.1080/17440572.2020.1750789

Fraser, N. (2001). Recognition without ethics? Theory, Culture & Society, 18(2–3), 21-42. https://doi.org/10.1177/02632760122051760

Fraser, N. (2009). Scales of justice: Reimagining political space in a globalizing world. Columbia University Press.

Hakim, D. (2014, December 2). Once celebrated in Russia, the programmer Pavel Durov chooses exile. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/03/technology/once-celebrated-in-russia-programmer-pavel-durov-chooses-exile.html

Haupt, C. E. (2005). Regulating hate speech–Damned if you do and damned if you don’t: Lessons learned from comparing the German and U.S. approaches. Boston University International Law Journal, 23, 299-335. https://www.bu.edu/law/journals-archive/international/volume23n2/documents/299-336.pdf

Horten, B., & Gräber, M. (2020). Kriminologischer beitrag „Hatespeech“ – Der Hass im netz. Forensische Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Kriminologie, 15, 91-94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11757-020-00644-7

Huang, Q. (2021). The mediated and mediatised justice-seeking: Chinese digital vigilantism from 2006 to 2018. Internet Histories, 5(3-4), 304-322. https://doi.org/10.1080/24701475.2021.1919965

Huang, Q. (2023). The discrusive construction of populist and misogynist nationalism: Digital vigilantism against unpatriotic intellectual women in China. Social Media + Society, 9(2), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051231170816

Jane, E. A. (2017). Feminist digilante responses to a slut-shaming on Facebook. Social Media + Society, 3(2), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305117705996

Kasra, M. (2017). Vigilantism, public shaming, and social media hegemony: The role of digital-networked images in humiliation and sociopolitical control. The Communication Review, 20(3), 172-188. https://doi.org/10.1080/10714421.2017.1343068

Lang, B. (2005). Post-Holocaust: Interpretation, misinterpretation, and the claims of history. Indiana University Press.

Lavin, T. (2020). Culture warlords: My journey into the dark web of white supremacy. Hachette Books.

Linton, I. (2020). “I don’t think that’s very funny:” Scrutiny of comedy in the digital age. In D. Trottier, R. Gabdulhakov & Q. Huang (Eds.), Introducing vigilant audiences (pp. 77-106). Open Book Publishers.

Loveluck, B. (2017). Digital vigilantism as a form of political engagement? A comparative approach. AoIR Selected Papers of Internet Research. https://spir.aoir.org/ojs/index.php/spir/article/view/10080

Loveluck, B. (2020). The many shades of digital vigilantism: A typology of online self-justice. Global Crime, 21(3-4), 213-241. https://doi.org/10.1080/17440572.2019.1614444

Macdonald, S. (2012). Presencing Europe’s pasts. In U. Kockel, M. N. Craith & J. Frykman (Eds.), A companion to the anthropology of Europe (pp. 233-252). Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Milbrandt, T. (2020). “Make them famous:” Digital vigilantism and virtuous denunciation after Charlottesville. In D. Trottier, R. Gabdulhakov & Q. Huang (Eds.), Introducing vigilante audiences (pp. 215-258). Open Book Publisher.

Munn, N. D. (1992). The cultural anthropology of time: A critical essay. Annual Review of Anthropology, 21, 93-123. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.an.21.100192.000521

Peršak, N. (2022). Criminalising hate crime and hate speech at EU Level: Extending the list of Eurocrimes under Article 83(1) TFEU. Criminal Law Forum, 33(2), 85-119. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10609-022-09440-w

Powell, A. (2015). Seeking rape justice: Formal and informal responses to sexual violence through technosocial counter-publics. Theoretical Criminology, 19(4), 571-588. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362480615576271

Powell, A., Overington, C., & Hamilton, H. (2017). Following #JillMeagher: Collective meaning-making in response to crime events via social media. Crime, Media, Culture, 14(3), 409-428. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741659017721276

Riedel, E., & Wenzel, M. (2022). Interventions in the course of history: Introduction to the exhibition “Revenge.” In M. Czollek, E. Riedel & M. Wenzel (Eds.), Revenge: History and fantasy (pp. 14-21). Carl Hanser Verlag.

Ringel, F. (2016). Beyond temporality: Notes on the anthropology of time from a shrinking fieldsite. Anthropological Theory, 16(4), 390-412. https://doi.org/10.1177/1463499616659971

Smallridge, J., Wagner, P., & Crowl, J. N. (2016). Understanding cyber-vigilantism: A conceptual framework. Journal of Theoretical & Philosophical Criminology, 8(1), 57-70. http://www.jtpcrim.org/2016February/Smallridge.pdf

Starbird, K., Maddock, J., Orand, M., Achterman, P., & Mason, R. M. (2014). Rumors, false flags, and digital vigilantes: Misinformation on Twitter after the 2013 Boston Marathon bombing. iConference. https://doi.org/10.9776/14308

Steinke, R. (2022, September 19). Verfassungsschutz. Allein unter falschen Freunden. Süddeutsche Zeitung. https://www.sueddeutsche.de/projekte/artikel/politik/verfassungsschutz-rechtsextreme-social-media-telegram-virtuelle-agenten-reichsbuerger-coronaleugner-rassismus-antisemitismus-verschwoerungsideologie-e222942/

Tanner, S., & Campana, A. (2020). “Watchful citizens” and digital vigilantism: A case study of the far right in Quebec. Global Crime, 21(3-4), 262-282. https://doi.org/10.1080/17440572.2019.1609177

Tanner, S., Crosset, V., & Campana, A. (2020). Far-right digital activism as technical mediation: Anti-immigration activism on YouTube. In D. Trottier, R. Gabdulhakov & Q. Huang (Eds.), Introducing vigilante audiences (pp. 129-160). Open Book Publisher.

Trottier, D. (2017). Digital vigilantism as weaponisation of visibility. Philosophy & Technology, 30, 55-72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-016-0216-4

Trottier, D. (2020). Denunciation and doxing: Towards a conceptual model of digital vigilantism. Global Crime, 21(3-4), 196-212. https://doi.org/10.1080/17440572.2019.1591952

Williams, R. (1977). Marxism and literature. Oxford University Press.

Downloads

Published

2024-04-04

Issue

Section

Figures of Crime: Victims, Criminals, and Crime-fighters at the Crossroads of Criminalization and Social Justice