인간의 관심사에 대한 이성적 탐구의 궁극적 지향처를 철학의 본령이라고 말할 수 있을 것이며, 그러한 철학의 영역은 존재론․인식론․가치론 등으로 크게 구분할 수 있을 것이다. 철학적 탐구에 있어서 지식에 대한 추구(인식론)와 그 내용에 대한 의미를 찾는 일(가치론)은 그 대상과 성격이 무엇이든 간에, 일단은 “그러한 존재가 생겨나 있음”을 전제해야 한다. 따라서 형이상학으로서의 철학의 첫 번째 주제는 존재론으로 귀착된다고 말할 수 있다. 실로 인류사에 등장하여 보편성을 확보하고 있는 사상가의 주장이나 종교적 설교에는 한결같이 “이 세상의 온갖 것들은 어떻게 생겨나고 자라는 것이며, 그렇게 생겨나는 존재의 근거와 의미는 무엇인가?”에 대하여 나름의 해명과 각각의 설명을 구비하고 있는 것이다. 그동안 지구촌의 인류사회는 혼돈과 갈등과 모순과 분열로 점철된 20세기를 겪어 오면서, 배타적 종교간의 대립과 물리적 법칙에 대한 맹신이 가져온 부작용과 역효과를 극복하지 못하고, 이로 인한 인격성의 해체와 자아상실의 비극을 전인류적으로 자초하고 체험해 온 바 있다. 이에 기존의 세계관과 인간 이해를 전제로 하는 존재론(존재원리, 존재방식, 존재구조, 존재의의)으로는 인류의 미래적 삶을 온전하게 보장할 수 없게 되었다는 심각한 자기 고백과 집단적 반성을 하기에 이르렀으며, 이러한 성찰의 끝에서 21세기를 맞이한 인류는 “이 우주는 본래부터 신과 인간과 만물이 하나로 조화되어 있는 생명적 一體임”을 선언하고 있는 동양의 존재론에 대하여 그 有用性과 타당성을 새롭게 자각하고 토론하게 된 것이다. 본 논문은 동양 정신문화의 주류를 이루고 있는 유학의 존재론에 대하여 유학의 철학적 지평이 되고 있는 易學의 관점과 해법으로 그 원리와 방식 그리고 구조와 의미를 일관하여 검토해 본 것이다. 특히 易學에서 제시하는 존재 해명의 논리는 존재를 구성하는 바탕인 “시간과 공간의 구조”를 이해함에 있어서, 그 원리적 차원과 현상적 차원의 전개 방식이 상호 구분된다는 이른바 順逆이론을 소개하고 적용하였으며, 이러한 “順逆的 관점으로서의 존재 이해”를 주역의 風雷 益卦에서 요약한 “天施地生”을 대표적 模型으로 삼아, 존재 개시와 관련한 諸問題를 정리해 본 것이다. 본 논문에서 제기하고 정리한 “존재를 이해하는 역학적 해법”이, 이 시대 인류에게 당면한 철학적 근본 문제를 해명함에 있어서, 유학적 관점과 방식으로 접근해 본 “有意味한 학문적 성과”로 기록되고 所用되기를 삼가 기대하는 바이다.
It is called that the ultimate direction of reasoning investigation on human interest is the proper function of philosophy. In such a province of the philosophy, there are ontology, epistemology and axiology. In philosophical investigation, pursuit of knowledge (epistemology) and finding meaning of its contents (axiology) should assume "such existence is already created" whatever its object and personality may be. Therefore, the first theme of philosophy as metaphysics boils down to ontology. Arguments or religious sermon of thinkers securing universality in the history of mankind have their own explanation about "how is everything in the world created and grown up and what are ground and meaning of their existence?"Experiencing the 20th century when was a series of confusion, conflict, contradiction and division, the human society has not overcome side effect and opposite effect caused by conflicts among exclusive religions and blind faith in physical law and experienced dissolution of personality and tragedy of self-loss in the whole world. Mankind came to make serious self-confession and collective reflectionthat ontology (principle of existence, method of existence, structure of existence and meaning of existence) assuming the existing view of world and understanding about humans could ensure human life in the future completely. Mankind reaching the 21st century at the end of such introspection is being newly self-aware of and discussing usefulness and validity of Oriental ontology declaring "The universe is one living system in which God, humans and all things have been harmonized to be one originally."Academic discussion on existence principle and existence structure of the Orient is very meaningful discourse meeting the demands of the times of modern human society preparing for new civilization. The purpose of the study was to examine principle, method, structure and meaning of ontology of Confucianism, the mainstream of Oriental mental culture, in the viewpoint and explanation of the philosophy of change, the philosophical foundation of Confucianism. Especially, in understanding about "structure of space and time which are a foundation to form existence" as logic of existence explanation suggested by the philosophy of change, the study introduced and applied Forward and Backward Theory that each developing method in fundamental level and in phenomenal level is divided, and arranged "understanding about existence in the viewpoint of forward and backward theory" and diverse issues related to the beginning of existence by regarding "Heaven's Will Land's Creation" summarized in Yeek Symbol of the Philosophy of Change. The author hopes that "explanation about existence in the viewpoint of the Philosophy of Change" suggested and arranged by the study will be recorded and used as "significant academic performance" in the viewpoint and method of Confucianism to explain about philosophical fundamental issues facing mankind in the times.
It is called that the ultimate direction of reasoning investigation on human interest is the proper function of philosophy. In such a province of the philosophy, there are ontology, epistemology and axiology. In philosophical investigation, pursuit of knowledge (epistemology) and finding meaning of its contents (axiology) should assume "such existence is already created" whatever its object and personality may be. Therefore, the first theme of philosophy as metaphysics boils down to ontology. Arguments or religious sermon of thinkers securing universality in the history of mankind have their own explanation about "how is everything in the world created and grown up and what are ground and meaning of their existence?"Experiencing the 20th century when was a series of confusion, conflict, contradiction and division, the human society has not overcome side effect and opposite effect caused by conflicts among exclusive religions and blind faith in physical law and experienced dissolution of personality and tragedy of self-loss in the whole world. Mankind came to make serious self-confession and collective reflectionthat ontology (principle of existence, method of existence, structure of existence and meaning of existence) assuming the existing view of world and understanding about humans could ensure human life in the future completely. Mankind reaching the 21st century at the end of such introspection is being newly self-aware of and discussing usefulness and validity of Oriental ontology declaring "The universe is one living system in which God, humans and all things have been harmonized to be one originally."Academic discussion on existence principle and existence structure of the Orient is very meaningful discourse meeting the demands of the times of modern human society preparing for new civilization. The purpose of the study was to examine principle, method, structure and meaning of ontology of Confucianism, the mainstream of Oriental mental culture, in the viewpoint and explanation of the philosophy of change, the philosophical foundation of Confucianism. Especially, in understanding about "structure of space and time which are a foundation to form existence" as logic of existence explanation suggested by the philosophy of change, the study introduced and applied Forward and Backward Theory that each developing method in fundamental level and in phenomenal level is divided, and arranged "understanding about existence in the viewpoint of forward and backward theory" and diverse issues related to the beginning of existence by regarding "Heaven's Will Land's Creation" summarized in Yeek Symbol of the Philosophy of Change. The author hopes that "explanation about existence in the viewpoint of the Philosophy of Change" suggested and arranged by the study will be recorded and used as "significant academic performance" in the viewpoint and method of Confucianism to explain about philosophical fundamental issues facing mankind in the times.
