이 논문은 박필주의 성리설을 중심으로 고찰한 것이다. 또한 박필주의 사유의 지향점이 당대 철학을 어떻게 이해하고, 자신의 이론체계를 어떻게 구축하고 있는가 하는 것을 살피는 작업이다. 따라서 본 논문은 성리설 가운데서 리기심성, 인심도심, 사단칠정에 집중하고 있다.
리기론의 관점에서 본다면 하나의 리가 동일하다는 전제하에 본성은 이치의 총회로 설명한다. 그렇기 때문에 어떠한 형체에 구애받거나 구속되지 않고, 그 이치에 맞게 응하기만 하면 된다. 이와 같은 입장을 통해 본다면, 18세기에 불어 닥친 인물성동이논변의 입장이 고스란히 드러난 모습이다. 사칠논변이 인간의 심정에 관한 논변에 견주어 인물성동이논변은 인간의 본성에 착목해서 논의한 학술적 논변이다. 박필주도 인간의 본성은 하나의 흠결이 있을 수 없다는 입장이다.
인간의 마음에 두 양태, 곧 인심과 도심의 발출을 두고도 박필주는 이황과 이이의 인심도심설을 비판적으로 바라본다. 이황의 양변설을 소종래의 입장에서는 수용하지만, 이것이 리발기수 ․ 기발리승의 구분으로 인해 어의가 미진하다고 주장한다. 그리고 이이의 기발리승일도설에 대해서도 인심도심설로 해석했을 때 불상리의 본래의 뜻을 얻겠지만 경계의 지점이 없어지는 아쉬움이 남는다는 것이다. 결국 분합(分合)의 관점에서 몸과 마음을 조감해야 한다는 것을 강조한다.
인간의 정감에 관한 사칠설에 대해서도 박필주는 김창협의 사칠설을 조목조목 나열한 후 자신의 입장을 개진하는데, 사단은 단초 내지 실마리로서의 인간 본성에 내재된 도덕적 감정에 지렛대 역할을 수행하고 칠정은 감정의 모든 것을 포괄할 수 있는 영역으로 파악한다.
This thesis deals with Park Pil-Ju's Neo-Confucianism, how he considered the philosophy of his time and what he created with his theory structure. That this study focuses on the Human Mind and the Tao Mind, Li and Qi, and the Four Beginnings and Seven Feelings in his neo-Confucianism. In the view of Li and Qi theory, human nature is described as born based on the basic premise of Li being all the same. It doesn't need to be restrained from other things, and is just accepted as it is. This situation presented a debate, as to whether human nature and that of other creatures is distinct or not, in the 18th century. Arguments on Four Beginnings and Seven Feelings come from human emotion, however a debate on whether human nature and that of other creatures is distinct or not is an academic work based on human nature. Park Pil-Ju contended there is no flaw in human nature. Park Pil-Ju critically considered Hwang Lee and Li Lee’s Human Mind and Tao Mind theory even though he thought it was between Human mind and Tao mind, which are human emotions. In the view of Hwang Lee’s two theories, which he accepted from So Jong-Rae, he asserted that there is not enough to separate principle manifests and material force which follows it, or material force manifests and principle which rides it. One way of material force's manifestation and principle's riding it theory interpreted by Human Mind and Tao Mind theory has no boundary points even if original means make sense. Therefore, the body and soul should be adjusted from the view of subdivision or combination. Park Pil-Ju expressed his assertion as listed by ChangHyub Kim's Four Beginnings theory in detail. Four Beginning is a clue that humans’ natural birth has moral emotions, and seven feelings which are explained as part of all kinds of emotions.
This thesis deals with Park Pil-Ju's Neo-Confucianism, how he considered the philosophy of his time and what he created with his theory structure. That this study focuses on the Human Mind and the Tao Mind, Li and Qi, and the Four Beginnings and Seven Feelings in his neo-Confucianism. In the view of Li and Qi theory, human nature is described as born based on the basic premise of Li being all the same. It doesn't need to be restrained from other things, and is just accepted as it is. This situation presented a debate, as to whether human nature and that of other creatures is distinct or not, in the 18th century. Arguments on Four Beginnings and Seven Feelings come from human emotion, however a debate on whether human nature and that of other creatures is distinct or not is an academic work based on human nature. Park Pil-Ju contended there is no flaw in human nature. Park Pil-Ju critically considered Hwang Lee and Li Lee’s Human Mind and Tao Mind theory even though he thought it was between Human mind and Tao mind, which are human emotions. In the view of Hwang Lee’s two theories, which he accepted from So Jong-Rae, he asserted that there is not enough to separate principle manifests and material force which follows it, or material force manifests and principle which rides it. One way of material force's manifestation and principle's riding it theory interpreted by Human Mind and Tao Mind theory has no boundary points even if original means make sense. Therefore, the body and soul should be adjusted from the view of subdivision or combination. Park Pil-Ju expressed his assertion as listed by ChangHyub Kim's Four Beginnings theory in detail. Four Beginning is a clue that humans’ natural birth has moral emotions, and seven feelings which are explained as part of all kinds of emotions.
