Abstract
The objective of this article is double: first, to analyze, using a descriptive analysis, the main differences in the level and components of social behaviour between European and North American firms and, second, to contrast empirically, using a multiple linear regression model, whether the motives behind corporate social behaviour are different depending on the region or country of the firm. With this aim, an indicator of social behaviour (termed effort in sustainability) has been constructed by aggregating the firm’s social effort with customers, employees, community and environment for a sample of the 40 European and North American companies most highly reputed in the years 2003 and 2004. The results obtained indicate that the region or country of the firm influences the level, components and motivation of its social behaviour.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adams, M. and Hardwick, P.: 1998, ‹An Analysis of Corporate Donations: United Kingdom Evidence’, Journal of Management Studies 35(5), 641–654.
Aguilera, R.V., Williams, C.A. et al.: 2006, ‹Corporate Governance and Social Responsibility: a comparative analysis of the UK and the US’, Corporate Governance: An International Review 14(3), 147–158.
Alexander, G.J. and Buchholz, R.A.: 1978, ‹Corporate Social Responsibility and Stock Market Performance’, Academy of Management Journal 21(3), 479–486.
Amato, L.H. and Amato, C.H.: 2007, ‹The Effects of Firm Size and Industry on Corporate Giving’, Journal of Business Ethics 72(3), 229–241.
Araque Padilla, R.A. and Montero Simó, M.J.: 2006, La Responsabilidad Social de La Empresa a Debate (Icaria, Barcelona).
Archel Domench, P. and Lizarraga Dallo, F.: 2001, ‹Algunos Determinantes De La Información Medioambiental Divulgada Por Las Empresas Españolas Cotizadas’, Revista de Contabilidad 4(7), 129–153.
Beliveau, B., Cottrill, M. et al.: 1994, ‹Predicting Corporate Social Responsiveness: A Model Drawn from Three Perspectives’, Journal of Business Ethics 13(9), 731–738.
Belkaoui, A.: 1976, ‹Impact of Disclosure of Environmental Effects of Organizational-Behaviour on Market’, Financial Management 5(4), 26–31.
Belkaoui, A. and Karpik, P.G.: 1989, ‹Determinants of the Corporate Decision to Disclose Social Information’, Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 2(1), 36–51.
Bowen, H.R.: 1953, Social Responsibilities of the Businessman (Harper & Brothers, New York).
Boxenbaum, E.: 2006, ‹Corporate Social Responsibility as Institutional Hybrids’, Journal of Business Strategies 23(1), 45–63.
Brammer, S. and Millington, A.: 2004, ‹The Development of Corporate Charitable Contributions in the UK: A Stakeholder Analysis’, Journal of Management Studies 41(8), 1411–1434.
Brammer, S. and Millington, A.: 2006, ‹Firm Size, Organizational Visibility and Corporate Philanthropy: An Empirical Analysis’, Business Ethics: A European Review 15(1), 6–18.
Brammer, S. and Pavelin, S.: 2004, ‹Voluntary Social Disclosures by Large UK Companies’, Business Ethics: A European Review 13(2–3), 86–99.
Brammer, S. and Pavelin, S.: 2006, ‹Voluntary Environmental Disclosures by Large UK Companies’, Journal of Business Finance & Accounting 33(7/8), 1168–1188.
Brammer, S.J., Pavelin, S. et al.: 2006, ‹Corporate Social Performance and Geographical Diversification’, Journal of Business Research 59(9), 1025–1034.
Campbell, J.L.: 2006, ‹Institutional Analysis and the Paradox of Corporate Social Responsibility’, American Behavioral Scientist 49(7), 925–938.
Carroll, A.B.: 1979, ‹A Three-Dimensional Conceptual Model of Corporate Performance’, Academy of Management Review 4(4), 497–505.
Clarkson, M.B.E.: 1995, ‹A Stakeholder Framework for Analyzing and Evaluating Corporate Social Performance’, Academy of Management Review 20(1), 92–117.
Cowen, S.S., Ferreri, L.B. et al.: 1987, ‹The Impact of Corporate Characteristics on Social Responsibility Disclosure: A Typology and Frequency-Based Analysis’, Accounting, Organizations and Society 12(2), 111–122.
Doh, J.P. and Guay, T.R.: 2006, ‹Corporate Social Responsibility, Public Policy, and NGO Activism in Europe and the United States: An Institutional-Stakeholder Perspective’, Journal of Management Studies 43(1), 47–73.
Fernández Sánchez, J. L. and L. Luna Sotorrío: 2004, ‹La Revelación de Información Social: Análisis Empírico de la Información Divulgada a través de Internet por las Empresas del Ibex-35’, Análisis Financiero Internacional 116, 47–61
Hackston, D. and Milne, M.J.: 1996, ‹Some Determinants of Social and Environmental Disclosures in New Zealand Companies’, Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 9(1), 77–108.
Harrison, J.S. and Freeman, R.E.: 1999, ‹Stakeholders, Social Responsibility, and Performance: Empirical Evidence and Theoretical Perspectives’, Academy of Management Journal 42(5), 479–485.
Hillman, A.J., Keim, G.D. et al.: 2001, ‹Board Composition and Stakeholder Performance: Do Stakeholder Directors make a Difference?’, Business and Society 40(3), 295–314.
Johnson, R.A. and Greening, D.W.: 1999, ‹The Effects of Corporate Governance and Institutional Ownership Types on Corporate Social Performance’, Academy of Management Journal 42(5), 564–576.
Mahoney, L.S. and Thorne, L.: 2005, ‹Corporate Social Responsibility and Long-Term Compensation: Evidence from Canada’, Journal of Business Ethics 57(3), 241–253.
Maignan, I.: 2001, ‹Consumers’ Perceptions of Corporate Social Responsibilities: A Cross-Cultural Comparison’, Journal of Business Ethics 30(1), 57–72.
Maignan, I. and Ferrell, O.C.: 2003, ‹Nature of corporate responsibilities Perspectives from American, French and German Consumers’, Journal of Business Research 56(1), 55–67.
Maignan, I. and Ralston, D.A.: 2002, ‹Corporate Social Responsibility in Europe and the U.S.: Insights from Businesses’ Self-Presentations’, Journal of International Business Studies 33(3), 497–514.
Matten, D. and Moon, J.: 2008, ‹‹Implicit’ and ‹Explicit’ CSR: A Conceptual Framework for a Comparative Understanding of Corporate Social Responsibility’, Academy of Management Review 33(2), 404–424.
Moneva, J. M., J. M. Rivera-Lirio, et al.: 2007, ‹The Corporate Stakeholder Commitment and Social and Financial Performance’, Industrial Management + Data Systems 107(1), 84–102
Moore, G.: 2001, ‹Corporate Social and Financial Performance: An Investigation in the U.K. Supermarket Industry’, Journal of Business Ethics 34(3/4), 299–315.
Navarro, P.: 1988, ‹Why do Corporations Give to Charity?’, The Journal of Business 61(1), 65–93.
Newson, M. and Deegan, C.: 2002, ‹Global Expectations and their Association with Corporate Social Disclosure Practices in Australia, Singapore, and South Korea’, International Journal of Accounting 37(2), 183–213.
Patten, D.M.: 1991, ‹Exposure, Legitimacy, and Social Disclosure’, Journal of Accounting and Public Policy 10(4), 297–308.
Preston, L.E. and O’Bannon, D.P.: 1997, ‹The Corporate Social-Financial Performance Relationship’, Business and Society 36(4), 419–429.
Roberts, R.W.: 1992, ‹Determinants of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure: An Application of Stakeholder Theory’, Accounting, Organizations and Society 17(6), 595–612.
Simpson, W.G. and Kohers, T.: 2002, ‹The Link between Corporate Social and Financial Performance: Evidence from the Banking Industry’, Journal of Business Ethics 35(2), 97–109.
Solomon, A., Solomon, J. and Suto, M.: 2004, ‹Can the UK Experience Provide Lessons for the Evolution of SRI in Japan?’, Corporate Governance: An International Review 12(4), 552–566.
Stanwick, P. and Stanwick, S.: 2006, ‹Corporate Environmental Disclosures: A Longitudinal Study of Japanese Firms’, Journal of American Academy of Business 9(1), 1–7.
Vance, S.C.: 1975, ‹Are Socially-Responsible Corporations Good Investment Risks’, Management Review 64(8), 19–24.
Waddock, S.A. and Graves, S.B.: 1997, ‹The Corporate Social Performance-Financial Performance Link’, Strategic Management Journal 18(4), 303–319.
Wartick, S.L. and Cochran, P.L.: 1985, ‹The Evolution of the Corporate Social Performance Model’, Academy of Management Review 10(4), 758–769.
Welford, R.: 2005, ‹Corporate Social Responsibility in Europe, North America and Asia: 2004 Survey Results’, Journal of Corporate Citizenship 17, 33–52.
Wood, D.J.: 1991, ‹Corporate Social Performance Revisited’, Academy of Management Review 16(4), 691–718.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sotorrío, L.L., Sánchez, J.L.F. Corporate Social Responsibility of the Most Highly Reputed European and North American Firms. J Bus Ethics 82, 379–390 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9901-2
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9901-2