Skip to main content
Log in

Judge dependence, epistemic modals, and predicates of personal taste

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Linguistics and Philosophy Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Predicates of personal taste (fun, tasty) and epistemic modals (might, must) share a similar analytical difficulty in determining whose taste or knowledge is being expressed. Accordingly, they have parallel behavior in attitude reports and in a certain kind of disagreement. On the other hand, they differ in how freely they can be linked to a contextually salient individual, with epistemic modals being much more restricted in this respect. I propose an account of both classes using Lasersohn’s (Linguistics and Philosophy 28: 643–686, 2005) “judge” parameter, at the same time arguing for crucial changes to Lasersohn’s view in order to allow the extension to epistemic modals and address empirical problems faced by his account.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Chierchia G. (1989). Anaphora and attitudes de se. In: Bartsch R., van Benthem J., van Emde Boas P. (eds). Language in context. Dordrecht, Foris, pp. 1-31

    Google Scholar 

  • DeRose K. (1991). Epistemic possibilities. The Philosophical Review 100, 581–605

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Egan A. (2007). Epistemic modals, relativism, and assertion. Philosophical Studies 133, 1–22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Egan A., Hawthorne J., Weatherson B. (2005). Epistemic modals in context. In: Preyer G., Peter G. (eds). Contextualism in philosophy: Knowledge, meaning, and truth. Oxford, Oxford University Press, pp. 131-170

    Google Scholar 

  • Groenendijk, J., & Stokhof, M. (1984). Studies on the semantics of questions and the pragmatics of answers. Ph.D., University of Amsterdam.

  • Hacking I. (1967). Possibility. Philosophical Review 76, 143–168

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hamblin C.L. (1973). Questions in Montague English. Foundations of Language 10, 41–53

    Google Scholar 

  • Heim I.,Kratzer A. (1998). Semantics in generative grammar. Oxford, Blackwell

    Google Scholar 

  • Hooper J. (1975). On assertive predicates. In: Kimball J.P. (ed). Syntax and semantics (Vol. 4). New York, Academic Press, pp. 91-124

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan D. (1989). Demonstratives. In: Almog J., Perry J., Wettstein H. (eds). Themes from Kaplan. Oxford, Oxford University Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Kratzer A. (1977). What ‘must′ and ‘can’ must and can mean. Linguistics and Philosophy 1, 337–355

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kratzer A. (1981). The notional category of modality. In: Eikmeyer H.-J., Rieser H. (eds). Words, worlds, and contexts. New approaches in word semantics. Berlin, de Gruyter, pp. 38–74

    Google Scholar 

  • Kratzer A. (1991). Modality. In: von Stechow A., Wunderlich D. (eds). Semantik. Ein internationales Handbuch der zeitgenössischen Forschung. Berlin, de Gruyter, pp. 639–650

    Google Scholar 

  • Lasersohn P. (2005). Context dependence, disagreement, and predicates of personal taste. Linguistics and Philosophy 28, 643–686

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis D. (1979). Attitudes de dicto and de se. Philosophical Review 88, 513–543

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MacFarlane, J. (2006). Epistemic modals are assessment-sensitive. Ms., UC Berkeley. URL: http://sophos.berkeley.edu/macfarlane/epistmod.pdf.

  • McCready, E. (2006). Shifting contexts? That might be good. Paper Presented at Sinn und Bedeutung 11, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, September 22, 2006.

  • Moltmann, F. (2005). Relative truth and the first person. Ms., Semantics Archive. URL: http://semanticsarchive.net/Archive/mY2NGJhY/.

  • Moore, G. E. (1962). Common place book 1919–1953. London: George, Allen, and Unwin.

  • Schwarzschild R. (1994). Plurals, presuppositions and the sources of distributivity. Natural Language Semantics, 2, 201–248

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simons, M. (2005). Observations on embedding verbs, evidentiality, and presupposition. Ms., Carnegie Mellon University. URL: http://www.hss.cmu.edu/philosophy/simons/embedding20verbs.submitted.pdf.

  • Speas, P. (2004). Person (and mood and tense) and indexicality. Paper Presented at the Harvard Workshop on Indexicals, Speech Acts, and Logophors, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, November 20, 2004.

  • Stalnaker, R. (1978). Assertion. Reprinted in P. Portner & B. H. Partee (Eds.). (2002), Formal semantics: The essential readings (pp. 174–161). Oxford: Blackwell.

  • Stalnaker R. (1984). Inquiry. Cambridge, Massachusetts, MIT Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Stalnaker R. (2002). Common ground. Linguistics and Philosophy 25, 701–721

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stephenson, T. (2005). Assessor sensitivity: Epistemic modals and predicates of personal taste. In J. Gajewski, V. Hacquard, B. Nickel, & S. Yalcin (Eds.), New work on modality, MIT working papers in linguistics (Vol. 51, pp. 179–206). Cambridge, Massachusetts: MITWPL.

  • Stephenson, T. (2006). A parallel account of epistemic modals and predicates of personal taste. Paper Presented at Sinn und Bedeutung 11, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, September 22, 2006.

  • Tenny C. (2006). Evidentiality, experiencers, and the syntax of sentience in Japanese. Journal of East Asian Linguistics 15, 245–288

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Urmson J. (1952). Parenthetical verbs. Mind 61, 480–496

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • von Fintel, K., & Gillies, A. (2005). “Might” made right. Handout from philosophy colloquium at the University of Texas at Austin. URL: http://mit.edu/fintel/www/might.pdf.

  • von Fintel, K., & Gillies, A. (2006). CIA leaks. Pacific APA, First Draft. URL: http://mit.edu/fintel/www/cia_leaks.pdf.

  • von Fintel K., Iatridou S. (2003). Epistemic containment. Linguistic Inquiry 34, 173–198

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tamina Stephenson.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Stephenson, T. Judge dependence, epistemic modals, and predicates of personal taste. Linguist and Philos 30, 487–525 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10988-008-9023-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10988-008-9023-4

Keywords

Navigation