Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-ndmmz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-05T12:27:18.564Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Racial Myths and Regulatory Responsibility

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 June 2021

Nicolle K. Strand
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Calls to abolish race as a proxy for biology or genetics in clinical care have reached a fever pitch in the latter half of 2020, including articles in the New England Journal of Medicine, and urgent letters from prominent Senators.

Keywords

Raced-Based MedicineRacismIRBResearch EthicsHuman Subjects Research Protections
Type
Symposium Articles
Information
Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics , Volume 49 , Issue 2: Race and Ethnicity in 21st Century Health Care , Summer 2021 , pp. 231 - 240
Copyright
© 2021 The Author(s)

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Wilkerson, I., Caste: The Origins of Our Discontents (New York: Random House, 2020) at 16.Google Scholar
Supra note 1.Google Scholar
Angier, N., “Do Races Differ? Not Really, Genes Show,” New York Times, August 22, 2000.Google Scholar
Mccann-Mortimer, P., Augoustinos, M., and Lecouteur, A., “‘Race’ and the Human Genome Project: Constructions of Scientific Legitimacy,” Discourse & Society 15, no. 4 (2004): 409–432.Google Scholar
Vyas, D.A., Eisenstein, L.G., and Jones, D.S., “Hidden in Plain Sight—Reconsidering the Use of Race Correction in Clinical Algorithms,” New England Journal of Medicine 383 (2020): 874-882.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Warren, E., Wyden, R., Booker, C., and Lee, B., “Letter to Gopal Khanna,” Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, September 22, 2020.Google Scholar
Search conducted by the author on October 30, 2020.Google Scholar
Gibbons, G.H., “Genomics, Environmental Factors and Social Determinants of Cardiovascular Disease in African-Americans Study (GENE-FORECAST),” Protocol of National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), available at <https://clinicalstudies.info.nih.gov/ProtocolDetails.aspx?id=2014-HG-0048> (last visited March 11, 2021).+(last+visited+March+11,+2021).>Google Scholar
Wesley, C.H., “The Concept of Negro Inferiority in American Thought,” Journal of Negro History 45, no. 4 (1940): 539-560.Google Scholar
Marks, J., What It Means to Be 98% Chimpanzee (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002) at 68.Google Scholar
Braun, L., Breathing Race into the Machine: The Surprising Career of the Spirometer from Plantation to Genetics (Min-neapolis, MI: University of Minnesota Press, Kindle Edition 2014) at location 185-191.Google Scholar
GFR Calculator, Kidney.org, available at <https://www.kidney.org/professionals/kdoqi/gfr_calculator> (last visited March 11, 2021).+(last+visited+March+11,+2021).>Google Scholar
Roberts, D., Fatal Invention: How Science, Politics, and Big Business Re-Create Race in the Twenty-First Century (New York: The New Press, 2012).Google Scholar
Supra note 13 at 58.Google Scholar
Supra note 13 at 59-60.Google Scholar
Cerdeña, J.P., Plaisime, M.V., and Tsai, J., “From Race-Based to Race-Conscious Medicine: How Anti-Racist Uprisings Call Us to Act,” Lancet 396 (2020): 1125-1128 at 1127.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kahn, J., Race in a Bottle: The Story of BiDil and Racialized Medicine in a Post-Genomic Age (New York: Columbia University Press, 2013).Google Scholar
Supra note 17 at 48-70.Google Scholar
Supra note 17 at 48-70.Google Scholar
Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Cardiovascular and Renal Drugs Advisory Committee, June 6, 2005, meeting transcript, 228-229.Google Scholar
Supra note 17 at 89.Google Scholar
Supra note 13 at 178.Google Scholar
Guillory, J.D., “The Pro-Slavery Arguments of Dr. Samuel A. Cartwright,” Louisiana History vol. 9 (1968): 209-227.Google Scholar
“Medical Students Lead Effort to Remove Race from Kidney Function Estimates,” Kidney News Online 12, no. 7 (2020), available at <https://www.kidneynews.org/kidney-news/current-issue/medical-students-lead-effort-to-remove-race-from-kidney-function-estimates> (last visited March 11, 2021).+(last+visited+March+11,+2021).>Google Scholar
Ahmed, S., Nutt, C.T., Eneanya, N.D., Reese, P.P., Sivashanker, K., Morse, M., Sequist, T., and Mendu, M.L., “Examining the Potential Impact of Race Multiplier Utilization in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Calculation on African-American Care Outcomes,” Journal of General Internal Medicine 36, no. 2 (2020), DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-06280-5 Online ahead of print.Google ScholarPubMed
Zelnick, L.R., Leca, N., Young, B., and Bansal, N., “Association of the Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate With vs Without a Coefficient for Race with Time to Eligibility for Kidney Trans-plant,” JAMA Network Open 4, no. 1 (2021): e2034004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supra note 11.Google Scholar
Supra note 11 at location 4300.Google Scholar
Campbell, M.C. and Tischkoff, S.A., “African Genetic Diversity: Implications for Human Demographic History, Modern Human Origins, and Complex Disease Mapping,” Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics 9, no. 1 (2008): 403-433.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Supra note 11 at location 4222.Google Scholar
Nobles, M., Shades of Citizenship: Race and the Census in Modern Politics (Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
45 C.F.R. § 46.111(a)(2) (2018).Google Scholar
Klitzman, R.L., “How IRBs View and Make Decisions About Social Risks,” Journal of Empirical Research in Human Research Ethics 8, no. 3 (2013): 58-65.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Supra note 33 at 4.Google Scholar
Supra note 33.Google Scholar
Gray, B. H., “Changing Federal Regulations of IRBs, Part III: Social Research and the Proposed DHEW Regulations,” The Hastings Center 2, no. 1 (1980): 1-5, 12.Google ScholarPubMed
Supra note 36.Google Scholar
See, for example, supra note 29 at 4. Note that Charles Murray is the author of The Bell Curve, which purported to show differences in IQ between races, and was the subject of much controversy in science and social policy circles.Google Scholar
Emanuel, E.J., Wendler, D., and Grady, C., “What Makes Clinical Research Ethical?” JAMA 280, no. 20 (2000): 2701-2711.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beier, B.E. and Gelinas, L., “Scientific Merit Predicates Ethical Review of Clinical Research,” Ethics & Human Research 31, no. 3 (2019): 29-32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fleishman, A., Levine, C., Eckenwiler, L, Grady, C., Ham-merschmidt, D.E., and Sugarman, J., “Dealing with the Long-Term Social Implications of Research,” American Journal of Bioethics 11, no. 5 (2011): 5-9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karaca-Mandic, P., Georgiou, A., and Sen, S., “Assessment of COVID-19 Hospitalizations by Race/Ethnicity in 12 States,” JAMA Internal Medicine 181, no. 1 (2021):131–134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supra note 42.Google Scholar
Altman, A., “Why the Killing of George Floyd Sparked an American Uprising,” Time Magazine, June 4, 2020.Google Scholar