Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-75dct Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-31T00:29:26.042Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Passionate Speech: On the Uses and Abuses of Anger in Public Debate

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 May 2021

Alessandra Tanesini*
Affiliation:
Cardiff University

Abstract

Anger dominates debates in the public sphere. In this article I argue that there are diverse forms of anger that merit different responses. My focus is especially on two types of anger that I label respectively arrogant and resistant. The first is the characteristic defensive response of those who unwarrantedly arrogate special privileges for themselves. The second is often a source of insight and a form of moral address. I detail some discursive manifestations of these two types of anger. I show that arrogant anger is responsible for attempts to intimidate and humiliate others with whom one disagrees. Whilst resistant anger can be intimidating, it is also essential in communicating moral demands.

Type
Papers
Copyright
Copyright © The Royal Institute of Philosophy and the contributors 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alighieri, Dante, La Commedia Secondo L'antica Vulgata, (Firenze: Casa Editrice Le Lettere, 1994).Google Scholar
Applebaum, Barbara, ‘Comforting Discomfort As Complicity: White Fragility And The Pursuit Of Invulnerability’, Hypatia, 32 (2017), 862–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Archer, Alfred and Mills, Georgie, ‘Anger, Affective Injustice And Emotion Regulation’, Philosophical Topics, 47 (2019), 7594.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aristotle, On Rhetoric: A Theory Of Civic Discourse (New York And Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007).Google Scholar
Austin, John Langshaw, How To Do Things With Words (Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 1976).Google Scholar
Bailey, Alison, ‘On Anger, Silence, And Epistemic Injustice’, Royal Institute Of Philosophy Supplement, 84 (2018), 93115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baldwin, James, Collected Essays (New York: Library Of America, 1998).Google Scholar
Bejan, Teresa M., Mere Civility: Disagreement And The Limits Of Toleration (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bell, Macalester, Hard Feelings: The Moral Psychology Of Contempt (New York: Oxford University Press, 2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Callard, Agnes, ‘The Reason To Be Angry Forever’ In Cherry, Myisha and Flanagan, Owen, The Moral Psychology Of Anger (London And New York: Rowman & Littlefield International, 2017), 123–37.Google Scholar
Cherry, Myisha, ‘Love, Anger And Racial Injustice’ In Martin, Adrienne M., The Routledge Handbook Of Love In Philosophy (London And New York: Routledge, 2019), 157–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
D'Arms, Justin and Jacobsen, Daniel, ‘The Moralistic Fallacy: On The ‘Appropriateness’ Of Emotions’, Philosophy And Phenomenological Research, 61 (2000), 6590.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Darwall, Stephen, The Second-Person Standpoint: Morality, Respect, And Accountability (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2006).Google Scholar
Diangelo, Robin, ‘White Fragility’, International Journal Of Critical Pedagogy, 3 (2011), 5470.Google Scholar
Haddock, Geoffrey And Gebauer, Jochen E., ‘Defensive Self-Esteem Impacts Attention, Attitude Strength, And Self-Affirmation Processes’, Journal Of Experimental Social Psychology, 47 (2011), 1276–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
hooks, bell, Killing Rage: Ending Racism (New York: Henry Holt, 1995).Google Scholar
James, Aaron, Assholes: A Theory (New York: Anchor Books, 2014).Google Scholar
Kimmel, Michael, Angry White Men: American Masculinity At The End Of An Era (New York: Nation Books, 2013).Google Scholar
Langton, Rae, ‘Speech Acts And Unspeakable Acts’, Philosophy And Public Affairs, 22 (1993), 293330.Google Scholar
Lepoutre, Maxime, ‘Rage Inside The Machine’, Politics, Philosophy & Economics, 17 (2018), 398426.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liebow, Nabina And Glazer, Trip, ‘White Tears: Emotion Regulation And White Fragility’, Inquiry, (2019), 121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Locke, John, ‘An Essay Concerning Toleration [1667; Published 1867]In Locke: Political Writings (Indianapolis And Cambridge: Hackett Publishing, 2003), 186210.Google Scholar
Lorde, Audre, ‘The Uses Of Anger: Women Responding To Racism’ In Lorde, Audre, Sister Outsider In The Audre Lorde Compendium: Essays, Speeches, And Journals (London: Pandora, 1996), 172–80.Google Scholar
Lugones, María, Pilgrimages/Peregrinajes: Theorizing Coalition Against Multiple Oppressions (Lanham; Boulder; New York; Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield, 2003).Google Scholar
Macnamara, Coleen, ‘Reactive Attitudes As Communicative Entities’, Philosophy And Phenomenological Research, 90 (2015), 546–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Macnamara, Coleen, ‘Taking Demands Out Of Blame’ In Justin Coates, D. and Tognazzini, Neal A., Blame: Its Nature And Norms (Oxford And New York: Oxford University Press, 2013), 141–61.Google Scholar
Malatino, Hilary, ‘Tough Breaks: Trans Rage And The Cultivation Of Resilience’, Hypatia, 34 (2019), 121–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mcgregor, I., Nail, P. R., Marigold, D. C. and Kang, S. J., ‘Defensive Pride And Consensus: Strength In Imaginary Numbers’, Journal Of Personality And Social Psychology, 89 (2005), 978–96.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mcqueen, Amy And Klein, William M. P., ‘Experimental Manipulations Of Self-Affirmation: A Systematic Review’, Self And Identity, 5 (2006), 289354.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mcrae, Emily, ‘Anger And The Oppressed: Indo-Tibetan Buddhist Perspectives’ In Cherry, Myisha and Flanagan, Owen, The Moral Psychology Of Anger (London And New York: Rowman & Littlefield International, 2017), 105121.Google Scholar
Na'aman, Oded, ‘The Fitting Resolution Of Anger’, Philosophical Studies, 177 (2019), 2417–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nussbaum, Martha C., Anger And Forgiveness: Resentment, Forgiveness, Justice (New York: Oxford University Press, 2016).Google Scholar
Ost, David, ‘Politics As The Mobilization Of Anger’, European Journal Of Social Theory, 7 (2004), 229–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pettigrove, Glen, ‘Meekness And “Moral” Anger’, Ethics, 122 (2012), 341–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pettigrove, Glen and Tanaka, Koji, ‘Anger And Moral Judgment’, Australasian Journal Of Philosophy, 92 (2014), 269–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seneca, Lucius Annaeus, Anger, Mercy, Revenge (Chicago, Ill.: University Of Chicago Press, 2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sherman, David K. and Cohen, Geoffrey L., ‘The Psychology Of Self-Defense: Self-Affirmation Theory’ In Advances In Experimental Social Psychology Academic Press, 2006, 183242.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shoemaker, David, Responsibility From The Margins (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smart, J. J. C., ‘Free-Will, Praise And Blame’, Mind, 70 (1961), 291306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, Angela M., ‘Moral Blame And Moral Protest’ In Justin Coates, D. and Tognazzini, Neal A., Blame: Its Nature And Norms (Oxford And New York: Oxford University Press, 2013), 2748.Google Scholar
Srinivasan, Amia, ‘The Aptness Of Anger’, Journal Of Political Philosophy, 26 (2018), 123–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Strawson, P. F., Freedom And Resentment And Other Essays (London: Routledge, 2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tanesini, Alessandra, ‘Arrogance, Anger And Debate’, Symposion: Theoretical And Applied Inquiries In Philosophy And Social Sciences, 5 (2018), 213–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tanesini, Alessandra, ‘I – ‘Calm Down, Dear': Intellectual Arrogance, Silencing And Ignorance’, Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume, 90 (2016), 7192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tessman, Lisa, Burdened Virtues: Virtue Ethics For Liberatory Struggles (New York And Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walker, Margaret Urban, Moral Repair: Reconstructing Moral Relations After Wrongdoing (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walzer, Michael, On Toleration (New Haven, [Conn.] And London: Yale University Press, 1997).Google Scholar