Beginning to Spell: A Study of First-grade ChildrenThis groundbreaking study on the psycholinguistics of spelling presents the author's original empirical research on spelling and supplies the theoretical framework necessary to understand how children's ability to write is related to their ability to speak a language. The author explores areas in a field dominated by work traditionally concerned with the psychodynamics of reading skills and, in so doing, highlights the importance of learning to spell for both psycholinguists and educators, since as they begin to spell, children attempt to represent the phonological, or sound form, of words. The study of children's spelling can shed light on the nature of phonological systems and can illuminate the way sounds are organized into larger units, such as syllables and words. Research on children's spelling leads directly to an understanding of the way phonological knowledge is acquired and how phonological systems change with the development of reading and writing ability. In addition to this insight concerning cognitive processes, the findings presented here have implications for how spelling should be taught and why some writing systems are easier to master than others. The work will interest a wide range of cognitive and developmental psychologists, psycholinguists, and educational psychologists, as well as linguists and educators interested in psycholinguistics. |
Contents
1 Introduction | 3 |
2 Spelling of Words | 39 |
Correct Spellings Legal Substitutions and Illegal Substitutions | 67 |
4 Vowels | 97 |
5 Consonants | 128 |
6 The Influence of Orthography on Childrens Spelling of Vowels and Consonants | 152 |
7 Vowel Omissions | 175 |
8 Consonant Omissions | 203 |
10 Inflected and Derived Words | 259 |
11 Conclusions and Implications | 277 |
Appendix I | 295 |
Appendix II | 329 |
337 | |
Glossary | 347 |
355 | |
359 | |
Other editions - View all
Common terms and phrases
adults affricates analyze attempted binomial test Chapter chi-square test chil children omitted children sometimes children's spelling common spelling consider consonant clusters consonant omissions contain conventional spelling correct spellings derived words digraph diphthong doublets English writing system example factors final clusters final consonant followed frequency graders grapheme homorganic illegal substitutions inflected words learning to spell legal spelling letter names letter-name spellings linguists misspell morpheme nasals nemes occur Occurrences Standard spelling omission errors omission rate onset past tense percentage pheme phonemic form phonemic representations phonetic level phonological place of articulation printed words reading reflect regression regular relations represent reversal errors rime semester sequences significantly similar sonorant sounds spelled words spellers spelling errors Spelling Number Percent spoken word stop consonants stops stressed syllabic consonant syllabic liquids syllabification syllable peak symbolize Total Occurrences Standard Total Standard spelling Treiman unstressed vowels voiced vowel letter vowel omissions vowel phonemes word into phonemes