Argumentation, Communication, and Fallacies: A Pragma-dialectical PerspectiveThis volume gives a theoretical account of the problem of analyzing and evaluating argumentative discourse. After placing argumentation in a communicative perspective, and then discussing the fallacies that occur when certain rules of communication are violated, the authors offer an alternative to both the linguistically-inspired descriptive and logically-inspired normative approaches to argumentation. The authors characterize argumentation as a complex speech act in a critical discussion aimed at resolving a difference of opinion. The various stages of a critical discussion are outlined, and the communicative and interactional aspects of the speech acts performed in resolving a simple or complex dispute are discussed. After dealing with crucial aspects of analysis and linking the evaluation of argumentative discourse to the analysis, the authors identify the fallacies that can occur at various stages of discussion. Their general aim is to elucidate their own pragma- dialectical perspective on the analysis and evaluation of argumentative discourse, bringing together pragmatic insight concerning speech acts and dialectical insight concerning critical discussion. |
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acceptability advanced a standpoint analysis analyzing antagonist argument forms argumentation scheme argumentation stage argumentation structure argumentative discourse argumentum ad baculum argumentum ad hominem argumentum ad ignorantiam argumentum ad populum argumentum ad verecundiam assertion assume attack audience Bert burden of proof cast doubt clear committed common starting points communicative function complex speech act compound argumentation conclusive defense context critical discussion defend his standpoint dialectical evaluation example explicit expressed fact fallacy fallacy of composition false false dilemma formulated gumentation implicit indirect speech acts interpretation left unexpressed listener logical minimum logically valid LU₂ means mixed dispute modus tollens multiple argumentation negative standpoint normative opening stage opponent p₁ party possible pragma-dialectical pragmatic optimum principle propositional content protagonist question reasoning reconstruction regarded resolution resolving a dispute rhetorical role rule of communication rules for critical single argumentations smoke someone speaker structure-dependent things tion unclearness unexpressed premise utterance variant violation of Rule Woolworth's words