Skip to main content
Log in

The Lived Body as Aesthetic Object in Anthropological Medicine

  • Published:
Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Medicine does not usually consider the human body from an aesthetic point of view. This article explores the notion of the lived body as aesthetic object in anthropological medicine, concentrating on the views of Buytendijk and Straus on human uprightness and gracefulness. It is argued that their insights constitute a counter-balance to the way the human body is predominantly approached in medicine and medical ethics. In particular, (1) the relationship between anthropological, aesthetic and ethical norms, (2) the possible danger of a naturalistic fallacy, (3) the implications for the care of disabled people and (4) the intrinsic aesthetic quality of the human body are dealt with.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Baron, R.J.: 1992, ‘Why aren't more doctors phenomenologists?’, In: D. Leder (ed.), The Body in Medical Thought and Practice. Dordrecht/Boston/London: Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 37–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beardsley, M.C.: 1967, ‘Aesthetics, history of’, In: P. Edwards (ed.), The Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Volume I. New York: The MacMillan Company & The Free Press/London: Collier-Macmillan Limited, pp. 18–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bremmer, J. and H. Roodenburg (eds): 1991, A Cultural History of Gesture from Antiquity to the Present Day. Cambridge: Polity Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Budd, M.: 1998, “Aesthetic Attitude’ and ‘Aesthetics”, In: E. Craig (ed.), Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Volume I. London and New York: Routledge, pp. 51–55 and 59-61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buytendijk, F.J.J.: 1948, Algemene theorie der menselijke houding en beweging [General Theory of Human Posture and Movement]. Antwerpen: Standaard-boekhandel.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buytendijk, F.J.J.: 1952, De Vrouw. Haar natuur, verschijning en bestaan. Utrecht/Antwerpen: Het Spectrum [translated as: Woman. A Contemporary View. New York: Newman Press and Association Press, 1968].

    Google Scholar 

  • Buytendijk, F.J.J.: 1974, Prolegomena to an Anthropological Physiology. Pittsburgh: Duquesne University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buurman,. and K. Spaink 1991, Aan hartstocht geen gebrek. Handicap, erotiek en lichaamsbeleving. Amsterdam: De Brink/Ploegsma.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dekkers, J.M.: 1985, Het bezielde lichaam. Het ontwerp van een antropologische fysiologie en geneeskunde volgens F.J.J. Buytendijk [The Animated Body. The Design of an Anthropological Physiology and Medicine according to F.J.J. Buytendijk]. Zeist: Kerckebosch BV.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dekkers, W.J.M.: 1995, ‘F.J.J. Buytendijk's concept of an anthropological physiology’, Theoretical Medicine 16(1), pp. 15–39.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dekkers, W.J.M.: 1998, ‘The interpretive tradition. The body as a text’, In: M. Evans (ed.), Critical Reflection on Medical Ethics. Advances in Bioethics, Volume 4. Stamford/London: JAI Press Inc., pp. 209–228.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dutton, K.: 1995, The Perfectible body. The Western Ideal of Physical Development. London: Cassell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gebsattel, V.E. von: 1954, Prolegomena einer medizinischen Anthropologie. Berlin etc.: Springer Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grene, M.: 1968, Approaches to a Philosophical Biology. New York/London: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harré, R.: 1991, Physical Being. A Theory for a Corporeal Psychology. Oxford UK/Cambridge USA: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Have, H.A.M.J ten: 1995, ‘The anthropological tradition in the philosophy of medicine’, Theoretical Medicine 16(1), pp. 3–14.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • IJsseling, S.: 1994, Apollo, Dionysos, Aphrodite en de anderen. Amsterdam: Boom.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kass, L.R.: 1985, ‘Thinking about the body’, The Hastings Center Report 15(1), pp. 20–30.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Merleau-Ponty, M.: 1994, Phenomenology of Perception. Translated by C. Smith. London and New York: Routledge.

  • Scheler, M: 1978, Die Stellung des Menschen im Kosmos. Bern/Munchen: Francke Verlag [originally 1928].

    Google Scholar 

  • Spicker, S.F. (ed.): 1970, Philosophy of the Body. Rejections of Cartesian Dualism. Chicago: Quadrangle Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spicker, S.F.: 1978, ‘The psychiatrist as philosopher. Gewidmet Erwin W. Straus, M.D., Ph.D.’, In: H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr and S.F. Spicker (eds.), Mental Health: Philosophical Perspectives. Dordrecht: Reidel Publishing Company, pp. 145–167.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spiegelberg, H: 1972, Phenomenology in Psychology and Psychiatry. A Historical Introduction. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steen, W.J. van der, and P.J. Thung: 1988, Faces of Medicine. A Philosophical Study. Dordrecht etc.: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Straus, E.W.: 1960, ‘Die aufrechte Haltung. Eine anthropologische Studie’, In: E. Straus, Psychologie der menschlichen Welt. Berlin etc.: Springer Verlag, pp. 224–235. [Reprint from Monatsschrift für Psychiatrie und Neurologie 117 (1949); A revised and enlarged version of this article has been published in 1952 as ‘The upright posture’, Psychiatric Quarterly 26, 529-561].

    Google Scholar 

  • Straus, E.W.: 1963, ‘Zum Sehen Geboren, Zum Schauen Bestellt’, In: E. Wiesenhütter (ed.), Werden und Handeln. Stuttgart: Hippocrates Verlag, pp. 44–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Straus, E.W.: 1966, Phenomenological Psychology. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Straus, E.W.: 1970. ‘Born to see, bound to behold: reflections on the function of upright posture in the esthetic attitude’, In: S.F. Spicker (ed.), The Philosophy of the Body. Rejections of Cartesian Dualism. Chicago: Quadrangle, pp. 334–361.

    Google Scholar 

  • Struyker-Boudier, H.: 1988, ‘Letters between F.J.J. Buytendijk and Erwin W. Straus’, Journal of Phenomenological Psychology 19, pp. 77–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, Ch.: 1989, Sources of the Self. The Making of the Modern Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Toombs, S.K.: 1992, ‘The body in multiple sclerosis: A patient's perspective’, In: D. Leder (ed.), The Body in Medical Thought and Practice. Dordrecht/Boston/London: Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 127–137.

    Google Scholar 

  • Verwey, G.: 1990, ‘Medicine, anthropology, and the human body’, In: H.A.M.J. ten Have, G.K. Kimsma and S.F. Spicker (eds.), The Growth of Medical Knowledge. Dordrecht/Boston/London: Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 133–162.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wachter, F. de: 1988, ‘The symbolism of the healthy body: A philosophical analysis of the sportive imagery of health’, In: W.J. Morgan and K.V. Meier (eds.), Philosophic Inquiry in Sport. Champaign: Human Kinetics Publishers, pp. 119–124.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weizsäcker, V. von: 1967, Pathosophie. Gottingen: Vanden-Hoeck & Ruprecht.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weizsäcker, V. von: 1973, Der Gestaltkreis. Theorie der Einheit von Wahrnehmen und Bewegen. Stuttgart: Thieme Verlag [originally 1940].

    Google Scholar 

  • Welie, J.V.M.: 1998, In The Face of Suffering. The Philosophical-Anthropological Foundations of Clinical Ethics. Omaha (Nebraska): Creighton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Dekkers, W. The Lived Body as Aesthetic Object in Anthropological Medicine. Med Health Care Philos 2, 117–128 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009932916297

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009932916297

Navigation