Abstract
Pavlov's position on the inheritance of acquired characteristics was used to test selected theses of Laudan et al. (1986) concerning scientific change. It was determined that, despite negative experimental findings, Pavlov continued to accept the possibility of the inheritance of acquired habits. This confirms the main thesis I that, once accepted, theories persist despite negative experimental evidence. Pavolv's adherence to the concept of inheritance of acquired characteristics might possibly be explained by his early experiences. Adolescent readings of a popularized version of Darwin's theory, which included the concept of inheritance of acquired characteristics, profoundly influenced Pavlov's subsequent intellectual life. Overwhelmed by the theory, as originally presented, Pavlov was unable to alter his views in light of contrary findings.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Airapet'iants, E. Sh. and K. M. Mikhel'son: 1949, Ivan Petrovich Pavlov, Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moscow, Leningrad.
Freeze, Gregory L.: 1983, The Parish Clergy in Nineteenth-Century Russia, Princeton University Press, Princeton.
Ganike, E. A.: 1935, ‘Metodika izucheniia uslovnykh refleksov v primenenii k mysham’, Fiziologicheskii 19(6), 1166–71.
Goldschmidt, Richard A.: 1931, ‘Gibt es eine Vererbung erworbener Eigenschaften?’, Zuechtungskunde 6, 161–70.
Haldane, J. B. S.: 1932, ‘The Hereditary Transmission of Acquired Characters’, Nature 129, 817–19, 856–58.
Kol'tsov, N. K.: 1967, ‘Trud zhizni velikogo biologa’, in E. M. Kreps (ed.), I. P. Pavlov v Vospominaniiakh Sovremennikov, Izdatel'stvo “Nauka”, Leningrad.
Kreps, E. M.: 1967, ‘Ivan Petrovich Pavlov i religiia’, in E. M. Kreps (ed.), I. P. Pavlov v Vospominaniiakh Sovremennikov, Izdatel'stvo “Nauka”, Leningrad.
Kvasov, D. G. and A. K. Fedorova-Grot: 1967, Fiziologicheskaia Shkola I. P. Pavlova, Izdatel'stvo Nauka, Leningrad.
Laudan, Larry, Arthur Donovan, Rachel Laudan, Peter Barker, Harold Brown, Jarrett Leplin, Paul Thagard, and Steve Wykstra: 1986, ‘Scientific Change: Philosophical Models and Historical Research’, Synthese 69, 141–223.
Levin, M.: ‘E. Smirnov's “Problema Nasledovaniia Priobretennykh Priznakov”’, Pravda, 13 May 1927, p. 5.
Maiorov, F. P.: 1954, Istoriia Ucheniia ob Uslovnykh Refleksakh, 2d ed. revised and enlarged, Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moscow, Leningrad.
Pavlov, I. P.: 1923, ‘New Researches on Conditioned Reflexes’, Science 58, 359–61.
Pavlov, I. P.: 1949a, Pavlovskie Sredy, Protokoly i Stenogrammy Fiziologischeskikh Besed, L. A. Orbeli (ed.), Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moscow, Leningrad, Vol. 2, p. 544.
Pavlov, I. P.: 1949b, ‘Pis'mo k molodezhi’, in Kh. S. Koshtoiants (ed.), Izbrannye Proizvedeniia, Gosudarstvennoe Izdatel'stvo Politicheskoi Literatury, Leningrad.
Pavlov, I. P.: 1951a, ‘Issledovaniia vysshei nervnoi deiatel'nosti’, in I. P. Pavlov, Polnoe Sobranie SochineniI, 2d ed. enlarged, Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moscow, Leningrad, Vol. 3:1
Pavlov, I. P.: 1951b, ‘“Nastoiashchaia fiziologiia” golovnogo mozga’, in I. P. Pavlov, Polnoe Sobranie Sochinenii, 2d ed. enlarged, Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moscow, Leningrad, Vol. 3:1.
Pavlov, I. P.: 1951c, ‘Vvedenie’, I. P. Pavlov, Polnoe Sobranie Sochinenii, 2d ed. enlarged, Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moscow, Leningrad, Vol. 3:1.
Pavlov, I. P.: 1952a, ‘Fiziologiia pishchevareniia’, I. P. Pavlov, Polnoe Sobranie Sochinenii, 2d ed. enlarged, Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moscow, Leningrad, Vol. 5.
Pavlov, I. P.: 1952b, ‘Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (Avtobiografiia)’, in I. P. Pavlov, Polnoe Sobranie Sochinenii, 2d ed. enlarged, Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moscow, Leningrad, Vol. 6.
Pavlov, I. P.: 1954, Pavlovskie Klinichiskie Sredy: Stenogrammy Zasedanii v Nervnoi i Psikhiatricheskoi, K. M. Bykov (ed.). Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moscow, Leningrad.
Pavlova, S. V.: 1946, ‘Iz vospominanii’, Novyi, No. 3, 97–144.
Petrova, M. K.: 1967, ‘Iz vospominanii’, in E. M. Kreps (ed.), I. P. Pavlov v Vospominaniiakh Sovremennikov, Izdatel'stvo “Nauka”, Leningrad.
Pisarev, D. I.: 1894, ‘Progress v mire zhivotynkh i rastenii’, in F. Pavlenkov (ed.), Sochineniia D. I. Pisareva, Tipografiia P. P. Soikina, St. Petersburg, Vol. 3.
Razran, Gregory: 1958, ‘Pavlov and Lamarck’, Science 128, 758–60.
Ruse, Michael: 1979, The Darwinian Revolution, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Strazhesko, N. D.: 1967, ‘Vospominaniia o vremeni, provedennom v laboratorii Ivana Petrovicha Pavolva’, in E. M. Kreps (ed.), I. P. Pavlov v Vospominaniiakh Sovremennikov, Izdatel'stvo “Nauka”, Leningrad.
Studentsov, N. P.: 1924, ‘Nasledovanie priruchennosti u belykh myshei’, Russkii Fiziologicheski111-12 7, 317–18.
Vul'fson, S. G.: 1898, Rabota Sliunnykh Zhelez, Trenke i Fiusno, St. Petersburg.
Windholz, George and Peter A. Lamal: 1986, ‘Pavlov and the Concept of Association’, Pavlovian Journal of Biological Science 21, 12–15.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Windholz, G., Lamal, P.A. Pavlov's view of the inheritance of acquired characteristics as it relates to theses concerning scientific change. Synthese 88, 97–111 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00540094
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00540094