인도철학의 정수로 평가받는 우빠니샤드는 진정한 진리를 탐구하는 사색의 결정체이다. 우빠니샤드를 대변하는 범아일여는 세계의 원리인 범과 내재된 주체적 원리인 아의 동일성을 파악해서 주관과 객관의 경계를 허무는 작업을 통칭한다. 그리고 그것을 이룬 상태를 해탈이라 하는데 이는 인도철학이 지향하는 ‘지극한 행복[至福]’과 맞닿아 있다.
우빠니샤드는 종교경전이면서 철학서로서 그 문헌학적 특성상 대부분의 진리와 지식을 수수께끼처럼 숨기면서 상징하고 은유한다. 본고는 진리가 곧 행복의 획득이라는 관점에서 우빠니샤드에서 다루는 행복과 불행의 신화적 단편들을 재구성하여 이 문헌에서 말하는 진정한 행복의 가치를 찾아본다. 특히 리그베다의 태양신화와 우빠니샤드에서의 인드라와 아수라의 대립적 관계에 집중하여 우빠니샤드의 행복과 불행 개념의 신화적 프레임을 구축해 본다.
이 과정에서 태양, 인드라, 지식 등이 진리의 메타포로 기능하는 면과 어둠, 아수라, 무지 등이 진리의 부재로 해석되는 과정을 제시한다. 그리고 아수라가 태양을 훼손하는 리그베다의 신화에서 부터 낮은 지식과 무지의 소유자로 재해석되는 우빠니샤드의 관점을 제시하여 행복과 불행의 기준, 그리고 진정한 행복의 참된 의미를 밝혀본다.
The Upanishads use various objects of Nature as metaphors and analogies to help us understand our inner life. While the word ‘the Upanishad’ meaning is that of sitting near a teacher for instruction, for the teachers and their students who learned an Upanishad, its real meaning was ‘hidden connection’. The Upanishads are a symbol of truth and knowledge, while hiding most like riddles and metaphors. This paper looks to reflect the true happiness through the mythical metaphors of happiness and unhappiness. From the point of view of truth will soon obtain happiness through the metaphor of happiness and unhappiness, it looks to analyze the meaning of true happiness. So this is the concept of happiness and misery of the mythical framework. In particular by focusing on confrontational relationship between the war of Vedic mythology and Asura(a typical example Svarbhānu, later Virocana etc.) and Deva(a representative Indra) sees building a frame of happiness here. This article find out the functions and meaning as a metaphor of the Sun(Sūrya), Indra, Knowledge(vidyā), Truth(Brahman, Ātman) of the various symbol appears in the story structure. In this process, to evaluate the process highlights the Dark, Asura, Ignorance(avidyā) metaphor etc., interpreted as a lack of Truth. In the Vedic Indra called heroes save the sun, man was given a large and supplemented by a ritual means to happiness itself, truth and knowledge. Indra presented in this Upanishad is the secret of happiness and truth through practice. It is learned that is open only to those who are able to withstand the weight that you can recognize the true self to shine Truth and temperance and spiritual passion. By Asura and presents the perspective of the Upanishads (especially Bṛhadāraṇyaka, Chāndogya, Īśā, Kauṣītaki, Kaṭha, Muṇḍaka Upaniṣad etc) which reinterprets the vedic myth undermining the sun as the owner of the low knowledge and ignorance sees reveal the meaning of true happiness, not misery. In conclusion, the Upanishads can and reveals the view that truth is happiness and unhappiness is ignorance.
The Upanishads use various objects of Nature as metaphors and analogies to help us understand our inner life. While the word ‘the Upanishad’ meaning is that of sitting near a teacher for instruction, for the teachers and their students who learned an Upanishad, its real meaning was ‘hidden connection’. The Upanishads are a symbol of truth and knowledge, while hiding most like riddles and metaphors. This paper looks to reflect the true happiness through the mythical metaphors of happiness and unhappiness. From the point of view of truth will soon obtain happiness through the metaphor of happiness and unhappiness, it looks to analyze the meaning of true happiness. So this is the concept of happiness and misery of the mythical framework. In particular by focusing on confrontational relationship between the war of Vedic mythology and Asura(a typical example Svarbhānu, later Virocana etc.) and Deva(a representative Indra) sees building a frame of happiness here. This article find out the functions and meaning as a metaphor of the Sun(Sūrya), Indra, Knowledge(vidyā), Truth(Brahman, Ātman) of the various symbol appears in the story structure. In this process, to evaluate the process highlights the Dark, Asura, Ignorance(avidyā) metaphor etc., interpreted as a lack of Truth. In the Vedic Indra called heroes save the sun, man was given a large and supplemented by a ritual means to happiness itself, truth and knowledge. Indra presented in this Upanishad is the secret of happiness and truth through practice. It is learned that is open only to those who are able to withstand the weight that you can recognize the true self to shine Truth and temperance and spiritual passion. By Asura and presents the perspective of the Upanishads (especially Bṛhadāraṇyaka, Chāndogya, Īśā, Kauṣītaki, Kaṭha, Muṇḍaka Upaniṣad etc) which reinterprets the vedic myth undermining the sun as the owner of the low knowledge and ignorance sees reveal the meaning of true happiness, not misery. In conclusion, the Upanishads can and reveals the view that truth is happiness and unhappiness is ignorance.
