The collapse of the Socialist States in Eastern and Central Europe started a series of transformations which could result in the global rejection of everything which is associated with the previous system, including the idea of equality between men and women. Initally, the political changes were perceived by women as an opportunity to improve their situation. However, after three years, it can be said that the transformation of the system constitutes a serious threat to women's status. For instance, in Poland, women's unemployment is already higher than men's but the direct threat to women's rights is the most visible in the domain of reproductive choices. In 1990, the first non-communist government issued regulations restricting access to abortion and, while an anti-abortion bill is now in Parliament, the new medical code of ethics forbids any physician to practice abortion except in case of danger for the mother's life or in case of rape. The authors propose finally a strategy for the future based on promoting the rights of women both at national and international levels.