Resumo: Este artigo explora as implicações da Hipótese da Mente Estendida (ExM), conforme introduzida por Andy Clark e David Chalmers, em 1998. Com foco na integração cognitiva e nos critérios Trust and Glue, temos dois objetivos. Primeiro, examinam-se como a ExM reformula as perspectivas sobre a interação humano-IA, especialmente ao desafiar o Modelo Padrão de IA. Argumenta-se que a IA, como um agente ativo não orgânico, influencia significativamente os processos cognitivos além das expectativas iniciais. Em segundo lugar, propõe-se a mantenabilidade (...) como um quarto critério nos critérios Trust and Glue da ExM, além da fidedignidade, confiabilidade e acessibilidade. Essa adição visa a avaliar a paridade em sistemas acoplados de maneira abrangente, abordando preocupações sobre o controle nas interações humano-IA. Destacam-se os riscos decorrentes da profunda compreensão da IA sobre a psicologia humana, os quais podem levar a mudanças involuntárias em nossos objetivos e escolhas. A análise conclui que a mantenabilidade atua como uma salvaguarda essencial contra os desafios emergentes da integração humano-IA. (shrink)

With the society’s development and technological progress, video games have gradually become one of the important media types. They can even be regarded as a cultural form, which has a great impact on society. As a virtual space that reflects real society, the gender issue in video games has received increasing attention from the academic community. This paper uses a feminist perspective as a starting point to analyze the construction of female character images in mainstream video game products. Based on (...) this, issues, such as the consumption of female bodies in video games, the female bodies’ patriarchal discipline under the influence of Confucian culture and gender discrimination are discussed. Finally, it summarizes the significance of the awakening of female consciousness to the development of games and the social thinking it triggers. Submission: 09/12/2024 – Decision: 27/01/2025 - Revision: 05/02/2025 – Publication: 04/04/2025. (shrink)

Resumo: Como uma escola significativa no desenvolvimento da filosofia tradicional chinesa, a metafísica Wei-Jin emergiu da contenção intelectual da era pré-Qin, evoluiu através do domínio do confucionismo, durante a dinastia Han, e, eventualmente, integrou o pensamento confucionista e taoísta durante o período Wei-Jin. Essa síntese lançou as bases para a paisagem cultural tradicional chinesa que persistiu após a dinastia Tang, com a metafísica Wei-Jin desempenhando um papel crucial de transição. A evolução da história intelectual segue uma lógica inerente. Contextos históricos (...) específicos invariavelmente moldam o surgimento de novas ideias e se baseiam no pensamento e desenvolvimentos sociais existentes, abordando questões anteriormente não resolvidas. Central para o desenvolvimento da metafísica de Wei-Jin é o debate entre a ortodoxia confucionista e a espontaneidade natural, refletindo a turbulência social e a crise espiritual da época. Os estudiosos da metafísica Wei-Jin esforçam-se para estabelecer um novo sistema de valores éticos. Este artigo explora a relação entre a ortodoxia confucionista e a espontaneidade natural para elucidar a trajetória de desenvolvimento da metafísica de Wei-Jin, com o objetivo de fornecer uma compreensão abrangente de suas características abrangentes. (shrink)

Resumo: O “aprendizado baseado em qi” de Zhang Zai contém amplas discussões sobre o conceito de luminosidade (ming 明). Ao incorporar as principais percepções da tradução alemã de Zhengmeng (正蒙), este artigo enfatiza o papel crucial da luz na compreensão do pensamento de Zhang Zai e visa interpretá-lo como uma filosofia da luz. Do ponto de vista epistemológico, Zhang Zai vincula o qi intimamente à luz, enquadrando sua filosofia como uma doutrina da manifestação. O brilho, nesse contexto, não se limita (...) à visibilidade, mas também abrange o invisível xiang 象, que se manifesta por meio da luz do Shen 神. Zhang Zai conceitua metaforicamente o shen como uma unidade de dar e receber luz. Nessa estrutura, o ato gerador de shen é entendido como a estimulação produtiva (gan 感) que emerge da fundação indiferenciada. Este texto enfatiza o papel crucial da luz na compreensão do pensamento de Zhang Zai e almeja interpretá-lo como uma filosofia da luz. Do ponto de vista epistemológico, Zhang Zai vincula o qi intimamente à luz, enquadrando sua filosofia como uma doutrina da manifestação. O brilho, nesse contexto, não se limita à visibilidade, mas também abrange o invisível xiang 象, que se manifesta por meio da luz do shen 神. Zhang Zai conceitua metaforicamente o shen como uma unidade de dar e receber luz. Nessa estrutura, o ato generativo do shen é entendido como a estimulação produtiva (gan 感) que emerge da fundação indiferenciada. Em última análise, essa filosofia da luz aponta para o reino espiritual da “iluminação correta” (zhenming 貞明), a qual se refere à perspicácia penetrante dos sábios confucionistas que percebem plenamente o brilho. (shrink)

The Qing Dynasty export fans resulted from 18th and 19th-century East-West cultural exchanges. Their uniqueness stems from the development of an export-focused art culture during the Ming and Qing dynasties and the advent of East-West trade in the globalization era. These fans blend cultural and commercial significance, warranting extensive research. This paper employs a literature review and observational method, with "From aesthetic form to philosophical concept as its core logic, to visually analyze a range of export fans". Cultural aesthetics research (...) is shifting from inter-subjectivity to inter-culturality. Visual aesthetics in cultural philosophy maintain universality, now expressed as inter-cultural universality, suggesting that Chinese research is moving towards a cultural philosophy perspective, indicative of a necessary evolution in visual aesthetics. Submission: 29/11/2024 – Decision: 27/01/2025 – Revision: 26/02/2025 – Publication: 24/03/2025. (shrink)

Resumo: A Exposição Internacional de Arte Chinesa de 1935-1936, em Londres, desempenhou um papel fundamental na reformulação das percepções ocidentais da identidade cultural chinesa. Este estudo examina os quadros filosóficos e curatoriais que fundamentaram a exposição, analisando como a transição de “Japonismo” para um estilo claramente “chinês” foi estrategicamente foi feita com curadoria para desafiar estereótipos ocidentais fortalecidos. Através de uma abordagem multidisciplinar que integra a filosofia cultural, a história da arte e os estudos de museu, o texto emprega quadros (...) teóricos da hibridez cultural de Homi Bhabha, do capital cultural de Pierre Bourdieu e do orientalismo de Edward Said para interrogar a dinâmica do poder na representação da arte chinesa. Os achados demonstram como as decisões curatoriais, profundamente radicadas na estética confuciana e taoísta, funcionaram como ferramentas artísticas e diplomáticas, reforçando a soberania cultural da China, enquanto influenciaram as práticas museológicas ocidentais. Este trabalho contribui para discursos em curso na diplomacia cultural, história de arte transnacional e circulação global da estética. (shrink)

Resumo: Este artigo combina métodos de análise de caso para analisar a reflexão de He Youzhi sobre a realidade social e a integração de valores tradicionais e modernos, em sua criação de histórias em quadrinhos, por meio de técnicas narrativas históricas. O objetivo é explorar como os artistas usam suas obras enquanto um meio para herança cultural e reflexão histórica, em contextos históricos específicos. A teoria de “Desafio e Resposta” de Toynbee fornece uma estrutura importante para entender as criações de (...) He Youzhi, a qual sustenta que o crescimento da civilização decorre da resposta bem-sucedida a desafios internos e externos. A ênfase é colocada no papel dos artistas no contexto histórico e sua responsabilidade pela herança cultural. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que as histórias em quadrinhos de He Youzhi não são apenas uma apresentação de arte visual, mas também um portador de pensamento histórico e reflexão cultural. Reinterpretar as histórias em quadrinhos de He Youzhi pode ajudar a promover a disseminação e o intercâmbio cultural, e fazê-las brilhar com novo brilho, em um novo contexto cultural. (shrink)

This article discusses the key role of Eastern philosophy in the formation of contemporary aesthetic concepts and reveals its influence on artistic creation. Oriental wisdom pursues inner peace, inspiring artists to break the shackles of tradition and explore new art forms and expressions. Through in-depth research on Eastern philosophy, this article provides a new perspective for re-examining the relationship between nature and beauty, pointing out that nature not only has material attributes, but also carries deep aesthetics and life meaning. Through (...) examples, this article shows the concrete embodiment of the Taoist idea of "unity of heaven and man" in visual arts, such as painting and sculpture. It was discovered that the concept of "unity of heaven and man", in Eastern philosophy, is the core driving force of aesthetic freedom in contemporary art creation. It reveals how Eastern philosophy profoundly shapes artistic practice, provides unique insights into the interaction between philosophy and art, and lays a solid foundation for research in related fields. Submission: 07/01/2025 – Decision: 01/02/2025 – Revision: 28/02/2025 – Publication: 24/03/2025. (shrink)

Karl Marx's critique of labor alienation remains a central theme in discussions on the exploitation of workers in capitalist societies. This study examines how socialist states — the Soviet Union, China and Cuba — attempted to institutionalize Marxist labor theory into their legal frameworks, focusing on collective ownership, the abolition of private property and labor relations. By employing a hermeneutic comparative analysis, this paper explores the contradictions between Marxist ideals and their practical application in socialist legal systems, particularly how bureaucratic (...) structures and political interference shaped labor policies. While Marx's theory provides a theoretical foundation for eliminating alienation through collective ownership, this study highlights how real-world challenges hindered the creation of a fully anti-alienating legal order. Furthermore, the paper extends the discussion to modern labor concerns, including the gig economy, automation and neoliberal labor policies, demonstrating how Marxist critiques of labor remain relevant in contemporary legal scholarship. The findings suggest that legal structures, inspired by Marxist thought, often failed to fully empower workers, raising questions about the viability of anti-alienation policies in socialist labor systems. Submission: 10/12/2024 – Decision: 27/01/2025 – Revision: 27/02/2025 – Publication: 24/03/2025. (shrink)

The article proposes a study of Euclidean diagrammatic demonstrations from a rhetorical perspective, questioning the traditional view that diagrams are merely psychotechnical tools in the process of mathematical discovery. It argues that diagrams are used to justify specific claims in demonstrations, without compromising the correctness of the results achieved by Euclid. To explain this, it explores the possibility of interpreting the Euclidean inferential method in light of enthymemes, that is, rhetorical arguments dependent on the audience. Finally, the article discusses the (...) concept of canonical demonstration, i.e., a complete demonstration according to the principles of a theory, as a way to anticipate some objections. It also considers the limitations of logical analysis in establishing the standard definition as the only type of canonical demonstration. (shrink)

What role do science and technology play in our time? Or, more precisely, if we consider the project of the history of being that has occurred since modernity, what is the place of science and technology in this scenario? These questions were widely analyzed by Heidegger in his philosophical works, especially from the so-called “Second Heidegger” and especially in his writing The Epoch of the World Image. Based on the Heideggerian thesis that modernity is the encounter of modern technology, determined (...) planetary, with modern man, this article therefore aims to address the relevant ideas suggested by Heidegger, considering this and other of his writings, including those dedicated to the study of metaphysics. It is also the purpose of this study to deepen and update this issue, demonstrating why, for Heidegger, science and technology, both involved in the project of modernity, found an epochal sense, or a form of metaphysics: the epoch of the world image. (shrink)

This paper aims to defend the continuity between Schelling’s negative and positive philosophy. The former sought to rationally demonstrate the organic process of nature, while the latter aimed to present this process by examining the revelation of its principle throughout history. It is argued that positive philosophy is a consequence of negative philosophy, even if this relationship was not initially clear to Schelling. To support this, we will draw on elements from his early philosophy, such as the resistance to any (...) deductive-rational reduction of the world process, supported by a system of balance between the subjective and the objective, as well as the concept of a medial Absolute, from which all things can be justified without itself requiring justification. Thus, it becomes evident that Schelling’s philosophy always maintained a principle of resistance to the rational capacity to deduce the world process, a principle preserved in his positive philosophy. The latter, in turn, upholds the notion of the subjective overcoming the objective, tracing this progression through the historical process of the revelation of peoples. (shrink)

Among the different approaches to analyzing neoliberalism and its impact on higher education, especially on contemporary public universities, this text examines the perspective advocated by Wendy Brown. The interpretation of neoliberalism as a political rationality is introduced by the author in her early writings on the subject in the 2000s and gains prominence in her 2015 work Undoing the Demos: Neoliberalism’s Stealth Revolution. The relevance of Brown’s diagnosis for the field of education lies in its potential to deepen reflections on (...) how the development of neoliberalism impacts the organization, functioning, and purposes of contemporary universities, beyond the more evident implications linked to the economic sphere. Above all, her diagnosis enables an understanding of the profound transformation underway, which is gradually severing the link between public universities and democracy. This article critically analyzes Brown’s interpretation, presenting her conception of neoliberalism as well as significant shifts in her diagnosis, particularly between the 2000s and 2015. Furthermore, the text explores the tensions within Brown’s diagnosis, considering her defense of neoliberalism as a political rationality and the intertwining of public universities and democracy. (shrink)

Based on the theoretical argument presented in Francis Bacon: The Logic of Sensation, this article explores the relationship between Francis Bacon’s painting and Gilles Deleuze’s philosophy. According to the French thinker, Bacon challenges traditional representation by creating bodily distortions that transcend conventional figuration, provoking sensations that directly affect the spectator’s nervous system. The central proposal of this research is to highlight the concept of “Figure” as the element of figural painting that enables the contemplation of the concept of Difference. Deleuze (...) examines the painter’s works from his theoretical foundation, yet does not explicitly declare difference in painting. Thus, this study aims to construct a favorable argument for considering Bacon as a painter of difference, drawing on points already indicated by Deleuze and in dialogue with his work Difference and Repetition. (shrink)

Based on Peter Sloterdijk’s diagnosis of the political status of theory in contemporary German philosophy, this article critically analyzes Jürgen Habermas’s approach to Critical Theory [Kritische Theorie] and its developments in Axel Honneth. It is argued that Sloterdijk rejects the central role of negativity and unhappy consciousness in the Critical Theory tradition, reinterpreting social criticism from a Nietzschean perspective. The article investigates this opposition through a comparative analysis between Sloterdijk, Habermas and Honneth, highlighting how the Sloterdijkian proposal breaks with Habermasian (...) discursive rationality and suggests a reconstruction of philosophical criticism based on thymotic self-affirmation and the logic of the gift. The research concludes that, by shifting criticism from ideology to an affirmative paradigm, Sloterdijk reformulates the relationship between theory, politics and subjectivity, challenging the normative assumptions of Critical Theory and pointing to an alternative model of emancipation based on the self-constitution of the subject. (shrink)

Commented article: WU, Haicui. Methodology of Marx’s world history thought. Trans/Form/Ação: Unesp journal of philosophy, Marília, v. 47, n. 5, “Eastern thought 2”, e02400151, 2024. Available at: https://revistas.marilia.unesp.br/index.php/transformacao/article/view/15093. Submission: 17/04/2025 – Decision: 19/04/2025 - Revision: 20/04/2025 – Publication: 23/04/2025.

Resumo: Para revelar como esculturas de gelo e neve redefinem a beleza natural no contexto da arte moderna e explorar suas implicações para o design de arquitetura paisagística, este artigo usa uma combinação de revisão de literatura e análise de caso, a fim de explorar o valor estético, forma artística e fundamento filosófico de esculturas de gelo e neve em jardins, e examina casos específicos de formas de arte de escultura de gelo e neve na arquitetura paisagística. Pesquisas mostraram que (...) a compreensão da filosofia da arte moderna da beleza natural ultrapassou o escopo da estética tradicional e está mais preocupada com a interação entre a natureza e os seres humanos. A escultura de gelo e neve é uma forma única de arquitetura paisagística, que não só incorpora as características estéticas dos materiais naturais, mas também expressa reflexões profundas sobre o ambiente natural, através da inovação tecnológica, criação artística e outros meios. Este texto fornece uma nova perspectiva para a criação da arquitetura paisagística e enriquece ainda mais a conotação estética dos jardins modernos. (shrink)

Commented article: LI, X. G. The construction of ecological socialism under the concept of liberating nature: William Rice’s critique of the concept of controlling nature. Trans/Form/Ação: Unesp journal of philosophy, vol. 48, n. 3, e025030 “Eastern thought”, 2025. Available at: https://revistas.marilia.unesp.br/index.php/transformacao/article/view/16015.

Commented article: WANG, F. Philosophical manifestation in dance: bridging movement and thought. Trans/Form/Ação: Unesp journal of philosophy, Marília, v. 47, n. 5, “Eastern thought 2”, e02400248, 2024. Available at: https://revistas.marilia.unesp.br/index.php/transformacao/article/view/15916. Submission: 17/04/2025 – Decision: 19/04/2025 - Revision: 20/04/2025 – Publication: 23/04/2025.

Ecological crisis is a serious obstacle to human survival and development in the future, and solving the problem of ecological crisis requires starting from the construction of new social systems and the development of subjective thinking. Based on William Rice’s theory and ecological ideas, this study analyzes William Rice’s inheritance of Marxist ecological socialism and his strong criticism of science and technology under the domination of the concept of “controlling nature” and capitalist alienated consumption behavior. On the basis of William (...) Rice’s theory, the ethical and moral construction, scientific rationality construction and economic system construction of the concept of “liberating nature” were analyzed. The concept of “liberating nature”, proposed by William Rice, not only provides a correct development path for living harmony with nature in the future, but also provides valuable reference significance for China’s ecological civilization construction. (shrink)

Commented article: WANG, Hao. Moral thought: evaluation on the moral education and virtue cultivation of traditional Chinese music. Trans/Form/Ação: Unesp journal of philosophy, Marília, v. 47, n. 5, “Eastern thought 2”, e02400167, 2024. Available at: https://revistas.marilia.unesp.br/index.php/transformacao/article/view/14871. Submission: 17/04/2025 – Decision: 19/04/2025 - Revision: 20/04/2025 – Publication: 23/04/2025.

Commented article: XIA, X.; ZHOU, J. Urban design and Chinese culture spirit: the symbolic significance of mountain factors in shaping cultural park. Trans/Form/Ação: Unesp journal of philosophy, Marília, v. 47, n. 5, “Eastern thought 2”, e02400179, 2024. Available at: https://revistas.marilia.unesp.br/index.php/transformacao/article/view/14868. Submission: 17/04/2025 – Decision: 19/04/2025 - Revision: 20/04/2025 – Publication: 23/04/2025.

Resumo: Este artigo foca nos conceitos de natureza humana e harmonia de Mêncio, visando explorar a conexão intrínseca entre ambos e suas implicações para a ética contemporânea, a moralidade e a harmonia social. O texto fornece, primeiramente, uma análise detalhada da teoria da natureza humana de Mêncio, salientando que a sua “teoria da boa natureza” enfatiza a boa natureza íntima dos seres humanos. Dessa forma, usando métodos de comparação transcultural, são analisadas as semelhanças e diferenças entre Mêncio e Maquiavel em (...) conceitos éticos, utilitarismo social e natureza humana. Finalmente, por meio de um olhar para os pontos de vista essenciais dos dois pensadores e sua influência no discurso filosófico moderno, a universalidade e a singularidade do pensamento de Mêncio podem ser melhor compreendidas. Os resultados indicam que o conceito de natureza humana sendo inerentemente bom, defendido por Mêncio, é a base para se alcançar harmonia social, e sua ideia de harmonia fornece uma nova perspectiva para resolver problemas sociais contemporâneos, bem como importantes recursos teóricos para ética moderna e filosofia política. (shrink)

Chinese classical dance education has a profound impact on contemporary aesthetic education. Its educational philosophy of "neutralization" and "twin" can provide a unique value perspective and practical path for modern aesthetic education. This paper explores the aesthetic education concept of Chinese classical dance and its educational value in contemporary society, aiming to improve the individuals’ moral quality and humanistic one through dance education. Starting from analyzing the origin, development and vitality of Chinese classical dance, this paper explores its aesthetic education (...) concept and its contemporary aesthetic value from the perspectives of dance education, harmony, cultivation, and integrated education. The study believes that bridging the gap between Chinese traditional dance education concepts and contemporary aesthetic education, and combining classical dance philosophy with modern dance practice, can greatly improve the aesthetic education level of modern dance. Integrating philosophical reflection into dance research can deepen the understanding of the cultural significance and aesthetic value of dance. (shrink)

Resumo: Este artigo toma a estética do produto, como objeto de pesquisa, e utiliza uma combinação de teoria e análise de caso para estudar a construção narrativa histórica da estética do produto. Ele concentra-se em explorar os mecanismos da estética do produto, a partir das perspectivas da forma e emoção, a fim de revelar como a expressão estética transmite emoções através de formas de design e explorar, ainda mais, seu impacto no design de produto moderno. O ponto de vista central (...) deste texto é que a estética do produto não é apenas o resultado da expressão visual, mas ela também forma experiências multidimensionais, por meio da construção da forma, da realização da função e da transmissão de emoções. No âmbito da filosofia e estética, a análise de exemplos de design clássico e moderno revela a importância significativa de integrar emoções e formas no desenvolvimento de produtos, em um ambiente de mercado em rápida mudança. Este artigo pode fornecer referências úteis para os designers aplicarem e inovarem na prática do design, além de ajudar a aprofundar sua compreensão da estética emocional do produto. (shrink)

Toynbee’s philosophy of history provides a unique and profound perspective for people to examine the development and changes of history. In this study, we analyze the evolution of Toynbee’s philosophy of history, its essential ideas and its practical significance are first analyzed, using this as a starting point, for the subjectivity and objectivity in the construction of historical facts during the Chinese Anti-Japanese War. It is necessary to integrate subjective and objective factors in the construction of historical facts of the (...) War of Resistance against Japan. Then, we explore possible entry points for the application of Toynbee’s historical philosophy to the construction of facts about China’s resistance war against Japanese aggression and analyze the issues that should be paid attention to in the process. In the end, we highly praise and affirm the wisdom of Toynbee’s historical philosophy and hope that this research can provide some reference or paradigm for applying Toynbee’s historical philosophy to the construction of specific historical facts, as well as better help today’s civilization cope with challenges. (shrink)

The concepts of “universal values” and “common values of all humanity” are often confused. Existing literature has examined the distinction between these two concepts within the philosophical domains of ontology, methodology, epistemology, historical perspectives and ethics. The innovation of this paper lies in its analysis from a more micro-level perspective, focusing on the concept of “individual freedom”. Marx’s notion of “personal freedom” is characterized as “concrete freedom,” referring to the “real individual” as historical, social and relational. In contrast, the liberal (...) philosophers’ concept of “personal freedom” is seen as “abstract freedom,” where the individual is regarded as innate, natural and independent. Marx delved into the realm of material production, focusing on the individual’s labor and the relations of production. He advocated for the abolition of alienated labor, aiming for a society where, in a communist system, each person could achieve free and comprehensive development. The disparities in these notions of “personal freedom” reflect the fundamental distinctions between Marx’s “common values for all humanity” and Western “universal values”. (shrink)

Resumo: Este artigo tem como objetivo quebrar as barreiras existentes na classificação da arte, adotar métodos de pesquisa interdisciplinares e comparativos, basear-se nos conceitos centrais do Taoísmo, “Dao segue a natureza”, do Confucionismo, “Doutrina do Meio”, e do Zen, “natureza pura do coração”, explicar o significado profundo do espaço em branco na pintura à tinta e revelar o fundo cultural e o valor estético do silêncio na música, enfatizando a relação dialética entre existência e não existência, som e silêncio, na (...) criação artística. Os resultados indicam que tanto o “silêncio” na música como os espaços em branco, nas pinturas à tinta, possuem importante valor estético. Na apreciação musical, é importante abrandar o ritmo, prestar atenção aos intervalos e interrupções, apreciar ativamente a arte do espaço em branco, aprender a entender o trabalho geral e usufruir do espaço em branco. Através da exploração interdisciplinar, este texto proporciona um novo caminho para a compreensão e a aplicação da apreciação musical, promovendo, assim, o pensamento filosófico sobre o significado profundo da música. (shrink)

Commented article: WANG, L.; WANG, B. Between emptiness and reality: from the white space in Chinese painting to the philosophy of form in western art. Trans/Form/Ação: Unesp journal of philosophy, Marília, v. 48, n. 3, “Eastern thought”, e0250010, 2025. Available at: https://revistas.marilia.unesp.br/index.php/transformacao/article/view/16396. Submission: 17/04/2025 – Decision: 19/04/2025 - Revision: 20/04/2025 – Publication: 23/04/2025.

Resumo: A filosofia tradicional chinesa tem, convencionalmente, visto as emoções como uma barreira para a acuidade moral, enquanto o controle e a racionalidade têm sido os pilares. Este artigo argumenta contra essa escola de pensamento e sintetiza a ética tradicional chinesa com alguns trabalhos psicológicos de última geração, nos quais as emoções aparecem como o ponto central do julgamento moral. Mais especificamente, o que ele discute é o papel das emoções, como empatia e culpa, na tomada de decisões morais. Com (...) base nas pesquisas mais recentes em psicologia, este texto argumenta que, se as emoções forem bem gerenciadas, elas contribuirão positivamente para o raciocínio moral e o comportamento ético. Combinando princípios de regulação emocional da ética chinesa e estruturas psicológicas contemporâneas, essa abordagem reaviva o argumento filosófico clássico e, ao mesmo tempo, fornece importantes percepções culturais para a teoria ética moderna e a psicologia moral. (shrink)

The following text explores the event of love in the work of philosopher George Bataille. In this sense, the article is organized into a three central parts. The first one says relation with the metaphysical fullness that appears in the fusion of bodies in the instant of eroticism, and in the potential transcendence that from there is announced. A second moment, refers to love and its link with death. So, death is intuited where the passage for love itself is also (...) the way to a life that faces its limit. Thirdly, the figure of God is worked as a zone in which evil is also revealed and would then allow us, in the slit produced by love, foresee life beyond productivity, tending the classic opposition between good and evil. Finally, some cnsiderations about the impossible to close love as figuration and event in the writing of George Bataille will be left circulating. (shrink)

The article addresses Innerarity’s thesis that major democratic theories are still excessively tied to the Newtonian paradigm, which limits their ability to understand the complexity of social orders and current political problems. The text is divided into three parts: the first examines the recent resurgence of the notion of a crisis in democracy, highlighting Innerarity’s approach to “simplicity” and “complexity”. The second part compares Newtonian science with the sciences of complexity, exploring what the latter can contribute to contemporary political thought. (...) Finally, the article argues that despite its limitations, democracy remains the most suitable regime for dealing with the increasing complexity of contemporary societies. (shrink)

In this paper, I analyse the act of consciousness called empathy, as proposed by Husserl in Ideas II. By applying Husserl’s phenomenological reduction, I evidence three moments that constitute empathy: first, to recognize the other Ego; second, to open myself up to the other Ego; and third, to feel with the other Ego. I investigate these eidetic universalities [Wesenallgemeinheiten] within the limits of pure intuition (HUA III, 146). To recognize the other Ego is an involuntary act that happens in consciousness (...) when I come face-to-face with another human being. To open myself up to the other Ego is a spiritual act derived from freedom. I can decide whether or not to open myself up. If I do not, empathy is interrupted, incomplete, and I can react either affectionately or distressfully, or I can make a hasty judgement and decide either to distance myself from the other or to act. If I open myself up to the other Ego, I can react affectionately or distressfully, without much information. Another possibility is to comprehend, reflect, judge, agree or disagree, and decide either to distance myself from the other or to act in either a compassionate or a confrontational way. In this regard, empathy does not imply agreeing or acting compassionately. In short, I present a mental map of this reasoning and conclude by pointing out the need to develop empathy and the importance of having time to empathise appropriately. (shrink)

Resumo: Neste artigo, analisa-se o ato de consciência empatia, como proposto por Husserl, em Ideias II. Aplicando a redução fenomenológica de Husserl, evidenciam-se três momentos que constituem a empatia: primeiro, reconhecer o outro Ego; segundo, abrir-se para o outro Ego; terceiro, sentir com o outro Ego. Investigam-se essas universalidades eidéticas [Wesenallgemeinheiten] dentro dos limites da intuição pura (HUA III, 146). Reconhecer o outro Ego é um ato involuntário que acontece na consciência, quando se está diante de um ser humano. Abrir-se (...) para o outro Ego é um ato espiritual derivado da liberdade. Pode-se decidir abrir-se ou não. Se não, a empatia é interrompida, não completa, e se pode reagir afetuosamente ou aflitivamente, ou se pode julgar precipitadamente e decidir deixar de fora ou agir. Se se abre para o outro Ego, pode-se reagir afetuosamente ou aflitivamente sem muita informação. Outra possibilidade é compreender, refletir, julgar, concordar ou discordar, e decidir distanciar-se ou agir de forma compassiva ou conflituosa. Nesse sentido, empatia não implica concordar ou agir compassivamente. Em suma, apresenta-se um mapa mental desse raciocínio e se conclui apontando a necessidade de desenvolver empatia e a importância de ter tempo para empatizar adequadamente. (shrink)

The relationship between suffering and critique of society in Adorno is the focus of misunderstandings in literature. On the one side are those who believe that Adorno made a mistake by immediately extracting normativity from suffering, psychologizing critique, and associating non-identity with the social place of the victim. On the other side are those who affirmatively understand that a normativity intrinsic to suffering justifies social criticism and gives it its criteria. The article seeks to question the assumptions common to these (...) two positions, showing that, for Adorno, suffering does not have a normativity of its own, nor does it fulfill any function of justification or grounding, either theoretical or practical. Adorno’s thesis is that suffering drives critique and that, in this sense, theory, far from being neutral, is somatically implicated in its object, thereby possessing a strong expressive component. (shrink)

This paper discusses gender, sexuality and race through the analysis of Ann Walker, who is a character in the Tv show Gentleman Jack (2019). It aims to focus on the encounter and on the latent desire between Ann and the series’ protagonist to then explore the tensions and established pacts within the limits of femininity, heterossexuality and whiteness, through an elusive gaze to the paranoid reading. Therefore, desire emerges as a theoretical-analytical category by the writings of Deleuze and Guattari (1997; (...) 1995) and Deleuze and Parnet (1998). Lugones’ theory (2014; 2007; 1994) on the coloniality of gender, purity and creativity also contributes to operating a racially aware analysis. Through her desire for the protagonist, Ann constitutes a pact with the demon, in Deleuzo-Gauttarian terms, which ambivalently culminates in the expropriation of herself and in the production of another self, elusive to the expectations of gender and sexuality, however sustained by the limits and possibilities of whiteness. (shrink)

The article explores the idea that Lucretius’s theory of simulacra contributes to Deleuze’s development of a new image of thought based on immanence. This is related to the importance Deleuze places on speed in his reading of Lucretius and how it affects the operation of thought concerning sensitivity. The approach will be framed in a materialist reading of Deleuze, consistent with the emphasis on naturalism in his work Logic of Sense (1969).

This essay problematizes some reflections on the negative affective machinery proposed by Sianne Ngai and Theodor Adorno in the formulation of an aesthetic politics of negative emotions as a critical response to cultural emotional scripts. Against the backdrop of the aestheticization of capitalism and contemporary aesthetic politics, negative emotions emerge as a fertile approach to understanding power dynamics in contemporary society, as well as to questioning traditional forms of aesthetic and political analysis. Ultimately, it is suggested that the aesthetic politics (...) of negative emotions represent a pathway to challenging certain figuration structures and a potential route for a materialist analysis of emotions. (shrink)

In this work we develop a discussion that seeks to clarify and substantiate the thesis that the late medieval voluntarism, mainly that of Duns Scotus, is a factor whose consideration is essential to understand the origin of modern thought and its drift in a culture of freedom and innovation as ends in themselves. By voluntarism we understand the conception of the divine and also human will as a power that determines itself in its act and that, in this particular sense, (...) is absolutely free, since it does not recognize any other influence beyond itself. Both the act of will and its effect are then understood as an entirely new and original product. We carry out a critical analysis of this voluntarism based on the texts of Scotus and other medieval authors, and a historical-philosophical analysis of its possible influence on the evolution of modern philosophy. (shrink)

Raphael is one of the most cited painters in Nietzsche’ work. In The Birth of Tragedy, Nietzsche develops a theory of Apollonian art, in which Raphael plays an important role. I aim to show where Nietzsche places Raphael in his artist’s metaphysics, focusing on a source little studied, in this context, in the literature on Nietzsche: Schopenhauer’s essay on spirit seeing. So, this article intends to deepen the understanding of Apollonian art by means of a little explored source (Schopenhauer’s essay) (...) and a subject little researched (the visual arts in Nietzsche’s work). I sustain the hypothesis that Schopenhauer’s essay clarifies the relationship between Nietzsche e Raphael, as well as enriches his artist’s metaphysics. (shrink)

There is a theoretical difficulty in the economy of argument of The Prince’s, notably in chapter IX, when it deals with the fortunate astuteness necessary for the new prince. In the period that opens this central chapter in the economy of the work, we have the mobilization of important notions of Machiavellian political thought, such as virtù, fortune, private citizen, and, also, astuteness figures as an important attribute. Now, Machiavelli talks little about the fortunate astuteness, on the contrary, it does (...) not receive any expository attention, despite its importance in the list of political qualities necessary for the prince. Hence the question of how to think about the new prince’s fortunate astuteness. In order to better understand this Machiavellian concept, we intend to bring it closer, firstly, to the Greek métis, which allows us to better understand what this quality is that is required of the new prince. Then, based on the argumentative economy of the work, extract an understanding of this political quality. (shrink)

The article analyzes a variation in the conditions of production of Gilles Deleuze’s philosophical thought based on joint production with Félix Guattari. The article is divided into three parts: firstly, we analyze the influence of structuralism on Deleuze’s work, mainly through the author’s own text on this current of thought and its influence on the construction of the notion of “idea” in Difference and Repetition. In a second movement, we analyze the appearance of the notion of “machines” in Guattari’s work (...) Psychoanalysis and Transversality and its protagonism in the authors’ first joint work, Anti-Oedipus. Finally, we analyze the role that machines play in defining concepts, in the authors’ latest joint work. In addition to methodological aspects, we argue that the variation from structuralism to machinism has epistemological and ontological ramifications, which are decisive for the authors’ reading. (shrink)

In “Thoughts That Come With Doves’s Footsteps”, an unfinished conversation between Walter Benjamin (1892-1940) and George Steiner (1929-2020) is tentatively rehearsed. In no way aiming at exhausting the complex connections that can be established between these two great thinkers of the 20th century, the present article only seeks to identify common cartographies, suggesting the crossing of trodden paths while testing elective affinities. Our main goal is to explore Steiner’s thought and to highlight the way in which Walter Benjamin’s footprints are (...) insinuated in it: Steiner painting the portrait of Benjamin and Benjamin looking into the labyrinth of hope, pretending not to see the approaching angel with its little steps of a dove (Nietzsche). (shrink)

This paper presents an interview carried out with Maria Aparecida Viggiani Bicudo. Its main topic is the Philosophy of Mathematics Education. Other issues are linked to this central theme, such the interviewed’s experience in university management, the movement from her initial formation in Education till her studies in Philosophy, the creation of a recognized and well regarded PostGraduate Programm in Mathematics Education in Brazil, and the perspective of being woman and mother working in the academic world.

This text is an interview given by Prof. Dr. Alfredo Pereira Jr. to Leonardo Ferreira Almada, on the occasion of the call for publication of interviews with different Brazilian philosophers. In response to the goal of the Trans/Form/Ação journal call, we sought to carry out an interview in which a PhD professor with an established career presents some elements of his personal and academic stories, as well as clarifies important points of his research, some of his theses and vision of (...) the world based on questions asked by another professor, a historical research partner, and in-depth knowledge of the interviewee’s career. (shrink)

The text presents the interview conducted by Walter Omar Kohan at Nego Bispo’s house, in São João de Piauí, PI, in November 2021. In it, Nego Bispo addresses, with his usual pristine and direct words, some of the main themes that permeate his thinking: counter-colonization, the difference between education and creation, writing, resumption, transfluency and pluriversality of knowledge and some lesser-known themes such as the value of questions in education and a critique of the thought of Paulo Freire and the (...) MST. (shrink)

The interview, conceived and conducted by researchers from the Philosophy, Education and Social Praxis Research Group - FEPráxiS, aims to present the foundations of Antônio Joaquim Severino’s thinking. The interviewee discusses his own educational path and the philosophical sources that have influenced him, presents the theses he has been developing in the field of Philosophy of Education and advances on the unwavering anthropological, ethical and political commitments of Brazilian education.

The interview conducted in 2017 with Professor Lauro Frederico Barbosa da Silveira is published. This republication is a posthumous tribute to this philosopher who was one of the founders of the Trans/ Form/Ação Journal 50 years ago. A profound expert on various topics in Philosophy and other areas, Lauro was a pioneer in Semiotics studies in Brazil, having contributed to the consolidation and dissemination of the field. The interview addresses several subjects, such as the origin, academic and professional background of (...) the interviewee, the role of semiotics, the philosopher and philosophy in the world, the inseparability between theory and practice, the Brazilian political scenario, the role of information and the media in the formation of habits, autonomous action, and the function of emotions in the production of theories. (shrink)

This paper explores the implications of the Extended Mind Hypothesis (ExM), as introduced by Andy Clark and David Chalmers in 1998. Focusing on cognitive integration and the Trust and Glue criteria, we have two objectives. First, we examine how ExM reshapes perspectives on human-AI interaction, particularly by challenging the Standard model of AI. We argue that AI, as an active non-organic agent, significantly influences cognitive processes beyond initial expectations. Secondly, we propose the maintainability as a fourth criterion in the Trust (...) and Glue criteria of ExM, in addition to trustworthiness, reliability and accessibility. This addition aims to evaluate parity in coupled systems comprehensively addressing concerns about control in human-AI interactions. We highlight the risks posed by AI’s understanding of human psychology, which may lead to unintended shifts in our objectives and choices. Our analysis concludes that maintainability serves as a critical safeguard against the evolving challenges of human-AI integration. Submission: 13/01/2025 – Decision: 27/02/2025 - Revision: 06/03/2025 – Publication: 04/04/2025. (shrink)