Res Philosophica

ISSNs: 2168-9105, 2168-9113

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  1.  15
    Blame-Free Desert.Daniel Coren - 2024 - Res Philosophica 101 (4):835-841.
    Despite their differences, responsibility theories of all types (skeptics, forward-looking, backward-looking) concur on the following conditional: If someone deserved to suffer for an act, then they would be blameworthy for that act. Here I sketch a way of rejecting that conditional. In particular, using some of Śāntideva’s distinctions, I offer a new way of thinking about desert: Wrongdoers deserve to, and do, suffer for their wrongdoings, but they do not deserve our blame. It may be that vice is (part of) (...)
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  2.  22
    On St. Thomas Aquinas’s Elimination Argument for the Soul as Form of the Body in Summa Theologiae I.76.1.Kendall Ann Fisher - 2024 - Res Philosophica 101 (4):681-704.
    In his discussion of the rational soul as form of the body in Summa Theologiae I.76.1, St. Thomas Aquinas largely devotes his response to the consideration and elimination of a few competing accounts of the relationship between the human body and soul. After rejecting these alternatives, he concludes that his account, on which the soul is the substantial form of the body, must be correct. I argue that Aquinas’s argument, which seems to involve a hasty move to affirm his own (...)
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  3.  43
    Lackey on the Epistemology of Group Agents.Sanford C. Goldberg - 2024 - Res Philosophica 101 (4):811-824.
    In this paper I argue that treating organized groups as agents, in the way Lackey proposes to do, has implications that are more far-reaching than appears to be recognized in Lackey’s book itself. To bring this out I discuss (1) the epistemic significance of the Condorcet Jury Theorem, (2) a potential counterexample to her Group Epistemic Agent account of group justification, and (3) the bearing of group agency (as understood by Lackey) on the scope of the domain of group epistemology. (...)
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  4. The New Moral Argument for God Fares No Better.Evan Jack, Mustafa Khuramy & Erik Schulz - 2024 - Res Philosophica 101 (4):705-714.
    Recently, Andrew Ter Ern Loke has provided a new deductive formulation of the Moral Argument for the existence of God, which states that if one believes in moral realism (the metaethical view that there are objective moral truths), then they should also believe in theism. We demonstrate how his New Moral Argument does not guarantee the conclusion that objective moral truths are metaphysically grounded in a divine personal entity. Next, we reconstruct the argument in a way that is logically exhaustive. (...)
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  5.  47
    Phenomenology and Metaphysics in Being and Time.James Kinkaid - 2024 - Res Philosophica 101 (4):715-735.
    On the dominant interpretation of Being and Time, Heidegger’s investigation of being (Sein) is really an investigation of meaning (Sinn). On a competing interpretation, Being and Time is a work of realist metaphysics. I argue that existing interpretations of both types oversimply the relationship between phenomenology and metaphysics in Being and Time. I show how a Husserlian framework for mapping the relations between formal ontology, regional ontology, and phenomenology illuminates the structure and ambitions of Being and Time. What results is (...)
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  6.  22
    Phenomenology and Metaphysics in Being and Time.James Kinkaid - 2024 - Res Philosophica 101 (4):715-735.
    On the dominant interpretation of Being and Time, Heidegger’s investigation of being (Sein) is really an investigation of meaning (Sinn). On a competing interpretation, Being and Time is a work of realist metaphysics. I argue that existing interpretations of both types oversimply the relationship between phenomenology and metaphysics in Being and Time. I show how a Husserlian framework for mapping the relations between formal ontology, regional ontology, and phenomenology illuminates the structure and ambitions of Being and Time. What results is (...)
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  7.  9
    The Dilemma Defense and Setting Things Aside in the Right Way.Derek Lam - 2024 - Res Philosophica 101 (4):737-752.
    According to the Dilemma Defense, Frankfurt-style arguments wouldn’t work unless they assume determinism; yet they expect us to retain intuitive judgments about moral responsibility in particular scenarios. That’s begging the question against incompatibilism. John Martin Fischer suggests that there’s a way to extract the insight from the Frankfurt’s cases with a slightly different argument that doesn’t beg the question. This essay argues that for the argument to be consistent, it must require its audience to remain agnostic about how to analyze (...)
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  8. New Frontiers in Epistemic Evaluation.Jennifer Nagel - 2024 - Res Philosophica 101 (4):825-833.
    In forming groups—corporations, teams, academic departments, juries—humans gain new ways of acting in the world. Jennifer Lackey argues that groups need to be held responsible for their actions, and therefore need to be subject to epistemic evaluation. To criticize receptive or reckless behavior on the part of a corporation, for example, we need some account of what it is for a group to believe something, and for a group belief to be justified. In Lackey’s account, group epistemic states are a (...)
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  9.  13
    Inscrutable Evil, Absurdity, and Skeptical Theism.Stanisław Ruczaj - 2024 - Res Philosophica 101 (4):753-776.
    For many believers, encounters with evil trigger a deep desire to understand the divine reasons for permitting evil, that is, a desire for theodicy. Very often, however, attempts to find a theodicy fail—a phenomenon called the inscrutability of evil. Skeptical theists attribute this failure to our cognitive limitations as creatures. In this paper, I argue that the clash between the common desire for theodicy and the inscrutability of evil should be analyzed using the concept of absurdity, famously explored by Albert (...)
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  10.  11
    Descartes and the Scholastic Theory of Concursus.Nicholas Westberg - 2024 - Res Philosophica 101 (4):777-810.
    This article critically assesses a recent interpretation of Descartes’s physics, according to which he accepts a medieval account of the relation between God and physical creatures commonly called concurrentism. On this medieval view, God cooperates with creatures as efficient causes in bringing about change. If Descartes were to accept it, then it would entail that physical creatures (bodies) count as efficient causes in some way (otherwise God could not be said to cooperate with them), thus settling a long-standing debate about (...)
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  11. On Hannah Arendt’s Aestheticism.Charles Blattberg - 2024 - Res Philosophica 101 (3):479-504.
    Hannah Arendt’s politics is aesthetic rather than practical, motivated by enjoyment rather than well-being, and so it should be rejected. I begin with an account of aestheticism as the doctrine according to which seemingly non-aesthetic things are actually aesthetic, parts of a whole dimension of reality that we might simply call “the aesthetic.” We access it by taking a disinterested attitude, one that affirms things for their own sakes, and there are four ways of doing this: disinterested appreciating (e.g., of (...)
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  12.  20
    The Unconscious in Personalism.Ramón Caro Plaza - 2024 - Res Philosophica 101 (3):505-530.
    Although Freud presented his theory of the unconscious as a groundbreaking innovation, we find remote antecedents. This article analyzes the approach of personalist psychology, which offers three unconscious instances: sensible, intellective, and volitional. I trace this approach back to the tradition initiated by Plato and progressively developed by kindred thinkers up to modern times. In particular, I highlight the contributions of Aristotle, Augustine, Aquinas, and Rosmini. To conclude, I show that their earlier conception of the unconscious corresponds to the general (...)
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  13. Taking Aim at Long-Range: Marginalia on W.E.B. Du Bois’s Intellectual Maturation and His Root Expansion of Human Thought Through the Ideology of Pan-Africanism.Miron Javionne Clay-Gilmore - 2024 - Res Philosophica 101 (3):649-679.
    This essay conducts a diachronic examination of the thought of W.E.B. Du Bois. In so doing, it reveals a corpus that is marked by a tradition of thinking rarely acknowledged by scholars today: Black nationalism. Du Bois’s early focus on the relationship between racism and imperialism and ideological conflicts with Booker T. Washington and Marcus Garvey laid the basis for his intellectual maturation around the concept of self-determination. After synthesizing the insights of his former ideological rivals, this essay will show (...)
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  14.  19
    Précis of The Philosophy of Hope: Beatitude in Spinoza.Alexander Xavier Douglas - 2024 - Res Philosophica 101 (3):591-601.
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  15.  20
    Responses to the Reviews of Stephen Harrop, Kristin Primus, and Brook Ziporyn.Alexander Xavier Douglas - 2024 - Res Philosophica 101 (3):629-638.
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  16. Wisdom and Beatitude in Spinoza and Qoheleth.Stephen Harrop - 2024 - Res Philosophica 101 (3):603-610.
  17.  19
    Mind-to-Mind Communication and the Case of Inter-mental Occasionalism.Christian Henkel - 2024 - Res Philosophica 101 (3):459-478.
    This article studies the communication between pure minds (angels, demons, and separated souls) on occasionalist grounds, or in terms of (as I shall call it) inter-mental occasionalism. Inter-mental occasionalism has been overlooked by historians and perhaps taken for a purely logical possibility. To close this lacuna, this article presents three case studies of inter-mental occasionalism: (1) Géraud de Cordemoy (1626–1684), (2) Nicolas Malebranche (1638–1715), and (3) the early Christian Wolff (1679–1754). Overall, this article shows that occasionalism has been a popular (...)
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  18. Against the Property Theory of Musical Works.Nurbay Irmak - 2024 - Res Philosophica 101 (3):531-547.
    The property theory of musical works is the view that identifies works of music with properties as universals. The purpose of this article is to distinguish different versions of the property theory and argue that none of them can satisfy certain demands we expect from a successful theory of musical works. I conclude that although properties as universals are familiar and useful in other domains, we cannot rely on them to explain the ontological nature of musical works.
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  19. Prenatal Injury.Samuel Kahn - 2024 - Res Philosophica 101 (3):549-568.
    In this article, I confront Jessica Flanigan’s recent attempt to show not merely that women have a right to commit prenatal injury, but also that women who act on this right are praiseworthy and should not be criticized for this injury. I show that Flanigan’s arguments do not work, and I establish presumptive grounds against any such right—namely, prenatal injury, by definition, involves intentional or negligent harm and, as such, may be subsumed under a wider class of actions that are (...)
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  20. Prenatal Injury.Samuel J. M. Kahn - 2024 - Res Philosophica 101 (3):549-568.
    In this article, I confront Jessica Flanigan’s recent attempt to show not merely that women have a right to commit prenatal injury, but also that women who act on this right are praiseworthy and should not be criticized for this injury. I show that Flanigan’s arguments do not work, and I establish presumptive grounds against any such right—namely, prenatal injury, by definition, involves intentional or negligent harm and, as such, may be subsumed under a wider class of actions that are (...)
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  21.  81
    Making Sense of Race-Based Affirmative Action in Allocating Scarce Medical Resources.Yuichiro Mori - 2024 - Res Philosophica 101 (3):569-589.
    The aim of this article is to consider whether, when, and why it is morally right to treat members of socially disadvantaged racial or ethnic groups favorably when allocating scarce medical resources. Since the COVID 2019 pandemic has had different impacts on racial and ethnic groups, some U.S. states have given racial and ethnic minorities preferential access to COVID-19 vaccines, leading to controversy over the moral and legal permissibility of doing so. I examine three arguments for affirmative action—the compensation, equality-of-opportunity, (...)
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  22. The Rational Force of Clarity: Descartes’s Rejection of Psychologism.Elliot Samuel Paul - 2024 - Res Philosophica 101 (3):431–457.
    Descartes holds that when you perceive something with perfect clarity, you are compelled to assent and cannot doubt. (This is a psychological claim.) Many commentators read him as endorsing Psychologism, according to which this compulsion is a matter of brute psychological force. I show that, in Descartes’s view, perfect clarity provides a reason for assent—indeed a perfect reason, which precludes any reason for doubt. (This is a normative claim.) Furthermore, advancing a view I call Rational Force, he holds that the (...)
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  23.  80
    What Can We Take Ourselves To Be?Kristin Primus - 2024 - Res Philosophica 101 (3):611-617.
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  24. Against the Supposed Obligation to Prolong the Human Species.Ian Stoner - 2024 - Res Philosophica 101 (3):639-647.
    Advocates of Mars colonies commonly assert a supposed obligation to act so as to maximize the longevity of the human species. When this principle is defended, it is often by appeal to the alleged costs—of incoherence or misanthropy—of denying it. Against this supposed obligation, I argue for two theses. The modest thesis: it is not incoherent and need not be misanthropic to prefer human extinction sooner rather than later. The ambitious thesis: we should prefer human extinction sooner rather than later. (...)
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  25.  33
    The Rediscovery of the Superdeterminate.Brook Anthony Ziporyn - 2024 - Res Philosophica 101 (3):619-627.
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  26.  23
    How Lincoln Scooped Habermas.John Davenport - 2024 - Res Philosophica 101 (2):323-357.
    In opposing Stephen Douglas’s alleged popular right to choose a slave constitution, Abraham Lincoln developed a rudimentary conception of the normative presuppositions of democratic rights that prefigures the theory of popular sovereignty articulated by Jürgen Habermas. While Lincoln was influenced by a civic republican conception of natural rights, and referred to personal autonomy in arguing that some political choices violate the grounds of collective self-governance rights, both Lincoln—as read by Jaffa—and Habermas conceive human rights not as trans-political principles but as (...)
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  27.  40
    Why Professor Habermas Would Fail a Class on Dialectic of Enlightenment.Fabian Freyenhagen - 2024 - Res Philosophica 101 (2):245-269.
    Would Habermas’s “The Entwinement of Myth and Enlightenment” pass muster as coursework in a class on Dialectic of Enlightenment? Using this polemical thought experiment setup as an estrangement device, I critically discuss Habermas’s essay that was pivotal in his repositioning of Critical Theory in the 1980s. I argue that it is philosophically and biographically unreflective; and that he is engaging in underhanded politicking. I sketch an alternative reading of Dialectic of Enlightenment: instead of viewing it as the dead end that (...)
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  28.  80
    Thoughts on Reading Kierkegaard in a Pluralist Society.Jürgen Habermas - 2024 - Res Philosophica 101 (2):175-190.
    Soren Kierkegaard’s Lutheran existentialism represents a distinctively postmetaphysical philosophy of religion, focused in particular on a Christian vision of ethical authenticity. His philosophy continues to pose challenging questions for postmetaphysical philosophers in contemporary pluralistic settings. Focusing on specific works of Kierkegaard, this essay develops three such questions: (1) Can philosophy in a postmetaphysical vein still give advice for the pursuit of the good life, today’s diversity of life styles and values notwithstanding? (2) How can a postmetaphysical philosophy relate to the (...)
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  29.  31
    Jürgen Habermas: A Political Pacifist?Michael Haiden - 2024 - Res Philosophica 101 (2):191-217.
    Jürgen Habermas has defended Germany’s cautious support for Ukraine against the ongoing Russian invasion. Instead of trying to defeat Russia on the battlefield, he argued that Western nations should seek a compromise with the attacker. Critics worried that this would lead to more suffering than the war, encourage further Russian aggression, and ignore the concerns of the Ukrainian population. However, one question that has not been addressed is if Habermas’s pleas are part of a wider pacifist commitment—and if so, what (...)
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  30.  27
    Revisiting the Liberal Case against Liberal Eugenics.Cristina Lafont - 2024 - Res Philosophica 101 (2):359-376.
    In his book The Future of Human Nature, Habermas argues against the moral and legal permissibility of any future practices of genetic human enhancement as well as against current practices such as embryonic research or preimplantation genetic diagnosis. After analyzing the core of Habermas’s argument against positive eugenics, I argue that his attempt to derive a principle of abstention under uncertainty from the principle of counterfactual consent assumes that non-interference is the proper default norm in the absence of consent. Yet, (...)
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  31.  21
    Meaning, Metalepsis, Time-Travel.Glenn Mackin - 2024 - Res Philosophica 101 (2):299-322.
    This article explores how people can come to experience constitutional conversations as meaningful. To this end, I reinterpret Habermas’s account of deliberative constitutionalism. For Habermas, constitutional discourses are not only rational procedures of opinion- and will-formation, but also sites at which a “world” gets generated. Deliberative politics, therefore, involves unruly and uncontrollable efforts to solicit others into the roles, orientations, and principles of constitutional practices. The result is a novel account of the relationship between constitutional procedures and the “anarchistic” politics (...)
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  32.  51
    Toward A Formal-Pragmatic Theory of Communicative Memory: Rethinking Habermas's Isolated Speech Situation.Connor Moran - 2024 - Res Philosophica 101 (2):271-297.
    This article argues that Habermas’s formal-pragmatics are better understood as a set of weak-universal dispositions susceptible to erosion over the course of a lifetime, if exposed to continual “disappointing” communicative experiences. Habermas’s rational-reconstructive project to explicate the intuitive rule-consciousness held by competent speakers retains immense theoretical value for analyzing both partisan and mass political discourse, if his emphasis on isolated speech situations is supplemented with a logic of communicative memory better accounting for how disagreement antecedes discourse on the formal-pragmatic register. (...)
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  33.  25
    The Conceptual Plurality in Jürgen Habermas’s Auch eine Geschichte der Philosophie.Amos Nascimento - 2024 - Res Philosophica 101 (2):401-430.
    In Auch eine Geschichte der Philosophie (Also a History of Philosophy), Jürgen Habermas weaves together various themes such as faith and knowledge, history and theology, naturalism and epistemic justification, learning processes and moral development as well as multiculturalism and deliberative democracy in a transnational public sphere. This article argues that to articulate these multiple elements, Habermas adopts a robust framework built upon four conceptual pillars that can be clearly identified: postmetaphysical, postconventional, postnational, and postsecular. This “conceptual plurality” underlies his genealogy (...)
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  34.  6
    Introduction.William Rehg - 2024 - Res Philosophica 101 (2):171-174.
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  35.  16
    The Habermasian Translation Proviso of Religious Content.Carlos José Sánchez Corrales - 2024 - Res Philosophica 101 (2):377-400.
    Habermas’s translation proviso aims to legitimize religious argumentation in the informal part of the public sphere while requiring religious citizens to express their arguments in the formal part of the public sphere using a universal (secular) language. By considering secular scholars Gonzalo Scivoletto’s and Javier Aguirre’s critiques of the meaning of “translation,” this article highlights the inconsistency of the proviso as manifested in its application to the religious concept of tzimtzum (“divine contraction”), from which Habermas attempts to extract a secular (...)
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  36.  34
    Still the "Last Marxist"?Igor Shoikhedbrod - 2024 - Res Philosophica 101 (2):219-244.
    Jürgen Habermas’s recent engagement with Marx in Auch eine Geschichte der Philosophie has mostly gone unnoticed by commentators. Habermas is among the few representatives of the Frankfurt School who has consistently stressed the importance of the “Marxian heritage” for a rigorous understanding of critical theory. In this essay, I critically examine two guiding threads in Habermas’s ongoing reconstruction of historical materialism: the relationship between labor and interaction, as well as the emancipatory potential unleashed by the democratic constitutional state. I argue (...)
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  37.  32
    The Ambitious and the Modest Meta-Argumentation Theses.Scott F. Aikin & John Casey - 2024 - Res Philosophica 101 (1):163-170.
    Arguments are weakly meta-argumentative when they call attention to themselves and purport to be successful as arguments. Arguments are strongly metaargumentative when they take arguments (themselves or other arguments) as objects for evaluation, clarification, or improvement and explicitly use concepts of argument analysis for the task. The ambitious meta-argumentation thesis is that all argumentation is weakly argumentative. The modest meta-argumentation thesis is that there are unique instances of strongly meta-argumentative argument. Here, we show how the two theses are connected and (...)
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  38.  66
    Dorsey's Welfare Subjectivism.Ben Bradley - 2024 - Res Philosophica 101 (1):143-150.
  39.  60
    Response to Heathwood and Bradley.Dale Dorsey - 2024 - Res Philosophica 101 (1):151-161.
  40. Emilio Uranga and Jorge Portilla on Accidentality as a Decolonial Tool.Juan Garcia Torres - 2024 - Res Philosophica 101 (1):55-80.
    Call ‘a substance’ a person who is at home in a relatively stable and unified sense-making framework: a social structure that to some degree specifies which categories are important for interpreting reality, which goals are worth pursing, which character traits are admirable, etc. Call ‘an accident’ a person who is not at home in one such framework. It is tempting to think that being a substance is preferable, but I present some considerations for thinking otherwise. Mexican philosophers Emilio Uranga and (...)
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  41. From the Perspective of Prudence, Is It Just as Reasonable to Change Your Desires to Fit the World as It Is to Change the World to Fit Your Desires?Chris Heathwood - 2024 - Res Philosophica 101 (1):131-141.
    Dale Dorsey’s wide-ranging A Theory of Prudence contains ideas and arguments worthy of our attention on quite a variety of self-interest-related normative topics. In this essay I focus on Dorsey’s theory of prudential rationality, which is designed to deliver a negative answer to this essay’s titular question. Dorsey’s negative answer may be more intuitive, but I believe the positive answer is more defensible. From the perspective of prudence, it is just as reasonable to change your desires to fit the world (...)
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  42.  61
    Leibniz on Spinoza’s Priority by Nature.Jun Young Kim - 2024 - Res Philosophica 101 (1):1-21.
    In this article, I examine Leibniz’s criticism of Spinoza’s notion of priority by nature based on the first proposition in Spinoza’s Ethics. Leibniz provides two counterexamples: first, the number 10’s being 6+3+1 is prior by nature to its being 6+4; second, a triangle’s property that two internal angles are equal to the exterior angle of the third is prior by nature to its property that the three internal angles equal two right angles. Leibniz argues that Spinoza’s notion cannot capture these (...)
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  43. A Timid and Tepid Appropriation: Divine Presence, the Sensus Divinitatis, and Phenomenal Conservativism.Timothy Perrine - 2024 - Res Philosophica 101 (1):109-129.
    Plantinga develops an ambitious theistic religious epistemology on which theists can have non-inferential knowledge of God. Central to his epistemology is the idea that human beings have a “sensus divinitatis” that produces such knowledge. Recently, several authors have urged an appropriation of the sensus divinitatis that is more friendly to internalist views, such as Phenomenal Conservativism. I argue that this appropriation is too timid and tepid in a variety of ways. It applies only to a small fraction of theistic beliefs; (...)
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  44.  20
    Emanuele Severino on the Words of Philosophy.Paolo Pitari - 2024 - Res Philosophica 101 (1):81-108.
    In Beyond Language (Oltre il linguaggio), Emanuele Severino argues that “language reveals the meaning that man confers to the world.” Accordingly, this article infers that reflecting on the meaning of the most important words of philosophy will enable us to understand the foundation of the concrete history of our civilization. Severino offers a unique analysis of these words and their history, and consequently an original framework for interpreting the world. What follows thus presents a discursive glossary according to Emanuele Severino (...)
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  45.  22
    Prolegomenon to an "Originary" Politics.Norman K. Swazo - 2024 - Res Philosophica 101 (1):23-53.
    Heidegger’s thought presents us with the possibility of, as well as a call for, a “retrieval” (Wiederholung) of what is “unthought” (das Ungedachte) and “unsaid” (das Ungesagte) in the political philosophy of the ancient Greeks. A successful retrieval would lead to an “originary” (ursprünglich) political thinking that enables the “enactment” (Vollzug) of an originary politics, consistent with the possibility of a “second beginning” such as Heidegger deemed necessary and imminent. The task here is to identify “hermeneutic signposts” present in Heidegger’s (...)
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  46.  56
    Inscrutable Evil, Absurdity, and Skeptical Theism.Stanisław Ruczaj - 2024 - Res Philosophica (4):753-776.
    For many believers, encounters with evil trigger a deep desire to understand the divine reasons for permitting evil, that is, a desire for theodicy. Very often, however, attempts to find a theodicy fail—a phenomenon called the inscrutability of evil. Skeptical theists attribute this failure to our cognitive limitations as creatures. In this paper, I argue that the clash between the common desire for theodicy and the inscrutability of evil should be analyzed using the concept of absurdity, famously explored by Albert (...)
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