The article presents the perceptions and viewpoints of the Armenian medieval literary men concerning the spiritual symbol. Being anchored in the pan-Christian perception of the symbol, it laid the basis of the symbolic-allegorical thinking of the Armenian spiritual culture. In the history of the Armenian medieval literature and art studies, the analysis of symbols, in essence, the discovery of the epiphany in them, which is the fundamental meaning of the culture, have often been neglected. Today there is a necessity to (...) analyse the spiritual culture in a new way to dig out its ideological – world outlook basis conditioned by the artistic and the festival and ritual functions of the different types of art. Such a research also enables us to comprehend the aesthetic, artistic and doctrinal - philosophical merits of the spiritual culture created throughout the centuries and still unknown to us in a new way, to review the system of criteria and ideological-methodological basis of the evaluation, which bears a great significance for the complete and precise perception and evaluation of the Armenian art and literature of the Middle Ages. (shrink)

The article presents a philosophical and sociological analysis of processes of cultural globalization, development of consumer society and fashion industry in Russia. Authors analyze the social foundations of cultural globalization. The article examines the influence of cultural globalization on the process of distribution of symbols of new mass culture. The article analyzes the peculiarities of the development of the fashion and entertainment industry in the modern Russian society. The article also examines the specific impact of the processes of marketization and (...) the displacement of national cultures in the system of modern societies. (shrink)

The paper focuses on verbal and non-verbal characteristics of approval speech act in English literary discourse. Approval evaluation object have been identified including things, ideas, facts, traditions, weather conditions, events, pieces of news and other phenomena that become evaluated. It has been proved that approval evaluation objects never refer to the addressee's sphere of interests and that the approval recipient and the evaluation object of approval never overlap. The article also dwells on illocutionary aims pursued by approval speech act addressers (...) and the perlocutionary effect of approval speech act. The main part of the paper considers lexical, morphological, syntactic, and stylistic means applied by the personages of literary fictional discourse to express approval of a certain object. Finally, non-verbal means manifesting approval have been identified. It has been found out that in literary fictional discourse it is the verbalized kinemes that specify the emotional state of the approval addresser and signal whether the approving utterance is sincere or not. (shrink)

This paper is an attempt to study the linguistic layer of the memoir-writing genre primarily as exploration of linguistic mentality of a person, through which both the human being and the social environment become recognizable. This research describes the conceptual framework of the linguistic structure of the literary nonfiction by employing the following two principles: definition of the linguistic complexity of text-writing techniques and presentation of aesthetic value of these texts. A number of descriptive, stylistic and structural methods employed in (...) the study show that memoir writing undergoes significant changes and enriches itself through various linguistic forms and internal conceptual frameworks. The author’s presence in the text is often manifested through its original word structure essentially expressed in the common stylistic system of the work. References to time and places in texts present non-fiction character in a new light. The writer’s primary goal is not enriching the literary language, but ensuring the composition’s linguistic authenticity and individuality. Flexibility of the genre is enhanced by intertextual manifestations. Lastly, memoir-writing may have a therapeutic effect on the author. (shrink)

Giorgio De Chirico definitely stands out as a peculiar character of the Italian Novecento and his art ties directly with Nietzsche’s philosophy whose eternal questions paved the way to his “immanent metaphysics” which is typified and pervaded by ever-present melancholia brought about by a heightened awareness of the death of God. Grappling with “the world seen for the first time” De Chirico’s narrative does not depict reality rather its ghost, the latter is seen by dint of revelations and hallucinations. This (...) paper sheds light onto some significant kinships between the two characters as not only philosophical concerns are vital but illness too. The philosopher suffered since his very childhood from severe migraine and then from a psychiatric illness with depression while the painter unknowingly suffered from migraine aura. This ailment, affecting the fragile border amid perceived reality and hallucinated reality, turned out to be a remarkable source of inspiration which boosted the visions and the enigmas the artist was entwined with. Overall, Nietzsche ushered in a picture of the world that De Chirico has wholeheartedly shared, however, in the light of his disorder, the empathy went even further, and this is the noteworthy aspect this paper aims at underscoring. (shrink)

This article is devoted to the conceptual analysis of the model of the universe evolution in the philosophy of global constitutionalism. Purpose of research: to develop and justify the construct of education and development of the surrounding reality within the framework of the social concept of global constitutionalism. Object of research: the phenomenon of globalization of socio-political, state-legal and financial-economic development of national societies and states as an appearance of social reality, highlighted in the social concept of global constitutionalism. Subject (...) of research: theoretical content and stages of development of the model of the universe evolution in the philosophy of global constitutionalism in relation to its social essence. (shrink)

This study is focusing on interrelations between attitudes towards Appearance, value functional significance of AP, and life satisfaction. The study is aimed at gaining a theoretical foundation of the developed Multifactorial Model of Attitudes towards AP as well as at empirical testing of the interrelations between the single factors of the model and their combined influence on life satisfaction. It is hypothesised that a different combination of the single factors of the Multifactorial Model of Attitudes towards AP has a different (...) impact on life satisfaction. The participants were 86 females and 86 males aged between 17 and 25 years. The inventory “Diagnostics of Real Structure of Personality Value Orientations” the questionnaires “Significance of AP in Various Life Situations”, Attitudes towards AP, Satisfaction and Concern”, the AP Perfectionism Scale and the Life Satisfaction Index developed by Neugarten and adopted by N. V. Panina were administered. The factorial analysis revealed two types of interrelations that relate to different components of the developed Multifactorial Model of Attitudes towards AP. The results showed that considering AP as a value, attributing of higher significance to AP in various interaction contexts as well as higher AP perfectionism lead to lower life satisfaction. (shrink)

The research aims to reveal the typical expressions of cognitive dissonance and consonance among the primary-school children by their argumentations upon their deed. The relevance of the research stems from the applicability of the study of the phenomena of dissonance and consonance, which inherently emerge in the sphere of argumentation among the children who study how to play chess. Cognitive dissonance and consonance in the sphere of argumentation in the course of the game of chess are gradually transforming both into (...) the respective reference points – relevant to the situation given, and into the emotional and behavioural manifestations – either adequately or inadequately expressed and, by the logical and inner conflict, are observed as the result of juxtaposition of the realms of emotions and logic. The present research evidences that, in the case of similar chess skills, the manifestation of cognitive dissonance, and the own argumentation as well are detectable within the domain of extroversion – emotional instability. Such children, even more than the introverts, need the school psychologist’s support. The cognitive consonance is typical of those of the children involved who are ready to gain new experience and appear to be more positively charged towards their rivals or opponents. (shrink)

This article covers a research devoted to the concept of politics articulated in Max Weber’s speech “Politics as a Vocation”. The article is divided into three parts. The first part highlights the historical and occasional contexts of the speech. In the second part, the three definitions of politics given by Weber are sequentially studied and linked with each other; then the picture of the politics of the immediate future is partially reconstructed in which politics as freedom is associated with domination (...) or with the fight for domination. In the third part an assumption is made on whom Weber sees as a politician of not the immediate but of the distant future, a politician in the highest sense of this word, whom Weber calls a “hero”. (shrink)

The article is devoted to the problem of the link between the essential and the accidental in the process of scientific discoveries. The author criticises Karl Popper concept who states that each scientific discovery is entirely “accidental”. The author‟ viewpoint is based on the methodology of dialectical materialism as a whole, the concept of dialectical determinism, current works on the theory of truth and the criterion of truth. The article treats randomness as the form of being and the phenomenon of (...) necessity. The randomness is presented in the act of discovery by a variety of phenomena such as the particular time, the author of the discovery and the specific aspect of the scientific problem determining this discovery. The necessity here has to do with a specific measure reflecting the limits of change for the phenomenal side of scientific discovery, and this is true for other objective and subjective processes. The author argues that revealing the link between the essential and the accidental in scientific discovery is a critical foundation for solving all epistemological problems, the problem of the criterion of the truth in the first place. (shrink)

The political process, as one of political science primary categories, is an important basis for political analysis. The political reality is created as a result of human activity, and it is connected with interrelated political interests' realization aiming to achieve predefined goals. The article explores the theoretical and methodological foundations of political process based on the analysis of relevant works in this field of study. The institutional, behavioral, structural-functional approaches as well as conflict, discourse, and other methods of political process (...) analysis are examined. Summing up the results of explored issues, we concluded that political process is a dynamic and nonlinear political phenomenon that can vary in time, taking into account the impact of various direct or indirect factors. A comparative analysis of political process research approaches has shown that any particular approach can be efficient only in an appropriate situation and political time. In case of other circumstances' presence, the same approach cannot be applied efficiently to a precise political process. It is also necessary to consider the peculiarities of political process due to the political culture model, dominant in the given society. (shrink)

The discourse of chaos theory is used in the description of non-linear processes of social change. Comparing to the mainstream theories of the linear pattern, chaos theory shows significant expansion of the heuristic capabilities in the interpretation of asynchrony and polyvariance of the observed phenomena. A methodological separation of predictability and determinism in the study of socio-dynamics has been carried out. The circumstance that determines the formation of the corresponding attractors is the invariant components of the civilization matrix of society. (...) The sociocultural factor, together with the activation of negative feedbacks, is decisive in the problem of absorption by the system of new information, determining the methods and limits of the reception of innovations. In part of the study of the relative homeostatic state of the system in socio-dynamic and for a detailed analysis of the order parameters, the set of which is unique for each specific cultural type, it recommended to use as a complement research tool the civilizational approach explaining local specificity. (shrink)

An ability to instantly transmit and replicate information provides new means of identity construction and their impact on a person’s identity in the modern world. One of them is a social network as a form of interactive sociality transferred to virtual space. Social networks place a variety of entertainment content, provide access to information or means of further work with it at the users’ disposal, and affect the person’s perception of the world and himself. The paper explores some aspects of (...) social networks functioning, which affects the modern person’s identity. It is observed that the process of self-assertion as a virtual person is not just a game for fun, but both a potential danger and a new space of creative self-realization in the information field, which can change significant aspects of the user's identity including ethical ones. (shrink)

The dynamics of the value scale change lies in the core for the youth research methodology. The youth research basically is organized on the basis of the previously accumulated experience of the mankind, this ground of the past knowledge is implemented to extrapolate and to understand the future. The post-modernity represents the information era which reflects the basic evolution of the social communication and socialization process of the children and young people, who are better educated and trained by the Internet (...) sources and social media, than by the family socialization process or school and community integration institutions. This new reality requires the new methodological basis for the youth research. The common fundamental regulator includes, first of all, the system of values. The study represented in this paper reflects the short- and middle-term evolution of the values scale of the students for the education trajectory choice, these results can be implemented for the understanding of the essential elements of the social regulation for the further research of the youth behavior and mentality. (shrink)

One of the main social transformations is that the formation of the global world is taking place and this world is reflected in science and education, and these last begin to form it. It is shown that to a large extent a global direction of research has already been formed, which includes globalistics, global scientific disciplines, globalization research, global evolutionism and a number of other areas of scientific research. Although this global cluster of scientific knowledge is most intensively developed only (...) in the second half of the last century, its origins are found in the works of V. I. Vernadsky at the beginning of the same century. The global cluster of scientific knowledge is associated with the globalization of education and the formation of global education. The main integrative characteristics and features in the forms and content of these global evolutionary processes in education are revealed. It is shown that integrative tendencies connected with global-evolutionary changes of civilization and its interaction with nature are developed in education. It is noted that the globalization of education is focused mainly on the formal and organizational methods of integration of different systems and forms of education; the most important directions of this process are highlighted. And global education is characterized by qualitative and meaningful transformations of the educational process, the subject field of which is "filled" with universal-integrative knowledge obtained in the course of global studies. It is assumed that with the globalization of science and education begins a new global revolution in the scientific and educational space. (shrink)

The analysis of the issues concerning the relationship between thinking and world language modeling showcases that linguistic modelings are at the forefront of the Old Armenian language and regulate the linguistic determinism and linguistic outlook of the society. Examinations of the Old Armenian sentence models and samples reveal that various qualitative manifestations of thinking existed in the 5th century, which are conditioned by the grammatical structure of Old Armenian, and the foreign-language influences. These were displayed both in translated literature and (...) independent bibliographic works. Linguistic determinism as a synchronous maxim can also bear the stamp of foreign-language influences while deeply preserving the peculiarities of national mentality. (shrink)

The author of this article presents a system of 12 dual categories of philosophy of history first outlined in his monograph dedicated to the study of the philosophical-methodological aspects of Movses Khorenatsi’s great work “The History of Armenians”. The system of 12 dual categories of wisdom of history suggested by the author of this article, demonstrate that Movses Khorenatsi’s theory of history builds a firm conception of philosophizing “science of history”.

The paper considers ontology of queer as interpreted in philosophy, social studies and language. The short history of the analysed concept sheds light on transformations of its semantic structure. Queer is viewed inseparably from gender theory where it gets apparent representation as a queer gender identity. The diffusive and trespassing nature makes queer contrary to stable and traditionally immutable sex/gender dichotomy with the normative male/female components. Queer violation of this long-established standard results in revolutionary shifts in the philosophy of human (...) sex/gender freedom of manifestation and recognition, formation and alteration of social stereotypes, introduction and spread of verbal means serving the lingual signs of queer in general and queer gender identity, in particular. Texts of scholarly, publicist and literary functional styles depict “queer” differently depending on the objectives of each register and the appropriate scope of linguistic tools. (shrink)

The article presents the outcomes of sociological research to identify: the influence of organizational culture on the managers’ leadership qualities and the interdependence of management style and leader’s personality type of the Saint-Petersburg social services and organizations. It was revealed that the organizational culture type in the considered social institutions has a bureaucratic character; authoritarian management style predominates; the majority of branch managers are leaders with organizational skills. It is determined that the passionate manager’s personality type controls organization in an (...) innovative-analytical style, which contributes to a greater activity efficiency. Such leaders are active, focusing on innovative work methods, encourage innovation, modern technologies and high performance, successfully apply brainstorming. Thus, the manager’s personality integral model is empirically tested and substantiated through sociological research. (shrink)

In modern world various transformations have an impact on social and political processes of the society. Even cultural changes somehow depend on these transformations. Therefore, social and political phenomena need new approaches for their study, where the political culture has its proper relevance. The article explores the theoretical and methodological foundations of political culture based on the analysis of foreign and Armenian scholars works. The behavioral, psychological, comparative and other approaches as well as methods of political culture analysis are examined. (...) In a result of generalization of theoretical approaches and summarizing the outcomes obtained from a comparative analysis of political culture methodologies, we can define political culture as the aggregate of political ideas, knowledge, traditions and values; as a whole of political participation and behavior models; as a relatively stable link between political consciousness and socialization, between stages and levels of political communication tools and political institutions, which defines the political process and which is expressed through the political discourse. (shrink)

In the 21st century the Internet and information technologies form new opportunities for political participation. The Internet wide coverage has created unprecedented opportunities for dissemination of information on social-political processes, for enlargement of the aware sector and for their active involvement in social-political processes. Use of the Internet in politics leads to the evolution of the conventional model of political participation, thus, securing the impact of broad masses on the political decision-making processes. Political Internet participation makes it possible to overcome (...) such obstacles as time and distance. The political discourse that had acquired features of horizontal communication is turning into a multi-component, multi-lateral model of interactive communication. The article presents the role and influence of the Internet and means of electronic communication on political ongoings and participatory processes. An analysis is given on the role of the Internet and information technologies in the revolutionary events and power turnover processes of 2018 in Armenia. The author come to the conclusion that neutralization of abuses and risks of the opportunities given by continually developing technologies, supposes not only philosophical consideration but also moral and legal studies and practical mechanisms. (shrink)

What kind of a toolkit should be used and how in order to have impact on the viewer’s reflective processes as well as guide such processes through a film? The author of this article explicates the idea that editing arrangement of shots series is essential in this aspect. He believes that the full effect and precision of what you want to say is conditioned by the meaningful structure of the series of shots. The latter is achieved as a result of (...) well-thought-out editing. The analysis, hypotheses, and statements presented in the article are subject to further detailed study, particularly from the perspective of general psychology and epistemology. However, it is beyond any doubt that specific succession of shots is forming a contextual and implicative information environment enabling to guide the audience’s perception process, thus affecting person’s contemplation processes and emotional state. (shrink)

The goal of this article to critically examine the essence and scope of philosophy of religion, its place and relation to philosophy and religious studies. Philosophy of religion is not only interrelated to both philosophy and religious studies but it is an inter-disciplinary field of knowledge. Philosophy of religion, being an inter-disciplinary field on the boundary of philosophy and religious studies and as a phenomenon of western rationalistic tradition, is engaged in conceptual and theoretical examination and analysis of the content (...) of religion. Philosophical reflections on religious matters, concepts, claims and practices, the origin of religion, relation between religion and other fields of knowledge and culture, and so on, are the scope of philosophy of religion. Philosophy of religion is based on rational approach. One of the functions of philosophy of religion is to verify whether the religious or theological claims and statements are trustworthy and rational, true or false, from the standpoint of logic. Viewed from this position philosophy of religion ought to be, to some extent, a normative discipline, a feature that has been overlooked by many scholars and philosophers of religion. Philosophy of religion is philosophical examination and comprehension of the phenomenon and essence of religion. (shrink)

We have applied the term “entrepreneurship” to the development of non-profit organizations working in the field of social and innovation activity. We consider entrepreneurship as a process of personal, self-organizing or systemic renewal and self-organization, as a movement through the development of ideas towards creating new and existing enterprises. We reviewed the promotion of social innovations on a methodological basis of sociosynergetics using cross-disciplinary and fractal-evolutionary approaches. The introduction of innovations is accompanied by the irreversibility expressed by the violation of (...) symmetry between the past and the future, and the research of innovations requires the introduction of the concept of an “event”. Some events should have the ability to change the course of evolution. The criterion for evaluating the advancement of social innovation is the degree of its influence on the social system: the local nature of the impact – Auto-Poesies models; the emergence of a new parameter of order in connection with the acquisition of a new quality of the social system – Synergy-integrating models; the allocation of a new sub-system in the framework of the modernized old social system – Openness entrepreneurship models; the birth of a fundamentally new social system, accompanied by the destruction of the old order parameters. In managing innovation processes, it is important to choose such innovations that are in line with the trends in the development of the social system, given the scale of social consequences. (shrink)

Any reforms of modern education in the context of the Bologna principles somehow connected with the fundamental academic values and freedoms that guarantee institutional autonomy and social integrity of the universities. At the same time, post-soviet transformations of the higher education systems often assume the introduction of the market-oriented approaches to meet the economic challenges that may contradict the traditional academic culture. On the basis of research data gleaned mainly from expert interviews in framework of case study in Armenia and (...) Belarus, the authors analyze the ongoing transformations in HES with a focus on the features of implementation of academic freedoms in the context of existing contradiction between the new tendencies in higher education and its classical humanistic model oriented to academic values, as well as to assess a possibility of coexisting academic and market cultures within the university. The authors reveal the contradictory attitudes to assessment of the level of implementation of academic freedoms and to the possibility of combining academic freedoms with corporate culture in mentioned countries. Moreover, HESs needs the radical changes that would not destroy its fundamental culture and help to adjust universities to the global challenges. (shrink)