The aim of this paper is to structurize the concept of KINDNESS representing a part of the British value system. The research is conducted on the basis of media texts evincing the most dynamic source of creating and developing social values. The analysis of language facts proves that the given value concept represents a complicated structure including nominative, informational and interpretative fields. The nominative field is represented by the basic lexeme kindness and its synonyms. Semantic components acting as cognitive features (...) of the concept KINDNESS form its informational field, namely in the British media texts. Special attention is focused on the analysis of the interpretative field that consists of several spheres, among which most axiologically explicant stand out the utilitarian and evaluative spheres. The cognitive features of the utilitarian sphere of the concept are associated with the peculiarities of manifestation and goal-setting of kindness, while the evaluative sphere is determined by combinatory facilities of the lexeme kindness. (shrink)

The rapid changes, crises, pandemics, and wars in the modern world introduce new requirements to a person and his/her adaptive resources. All these above-mentioned external factors in the form of separate stressors, and sometimes all together combined, have a complex effect on a person’s psychological well-being. Taking into consideration the need to clarify the impact of various factors on PWB, the authors of the article set a goal to study the PWB characteristics among the Republic of Armenia and Russian Federation (...) students. The research hypothesis was that RA and RF students might have different levels of PWB expression. The correlation analysis has shown that the indicators of PWB of different ethnocultural groups acting in different social contexts have certain peculiarities of expression and are quantitatively comparable. (shrink)

This article analyses the results of sociological research on value orientations in modern Russian society, based on the philosophical explication of the concept of ‘value’. The analysis allows us to recognize that the significance of religious values in the value system of modern society depends on both – the goals of research and their methodological foundations. A philosophical understanding of the essence and nature of values is, therefore, central. Values are principles of a meaningful human life that give ideas about (...) what is significant and important in one’s life, legitimising one’s activities as the realisation of one’s being. This article emphasises that the majority of respondents to the study, who belong to the Russian Orthodox Church, do not separate the confessional values from the moral values of traditional society. This tendency is also seen in the documents defining the social activities of the Church, although the division between confessional and moral values exists in the theology and religious philosophy of the Russian Orthodox Church. The authors of the article consider the essence and nature of values presented in Russian religious philosophy relevant to a religious worldview and assert the ontological, not moral, nature of values. (shrink)

The article studies the conceptualisation of the worldview, where language, as the system of signs and, hence, a means of cognition, is of high importance. Understanding the sign as a unity of the signifier and the signified, the research is focused on the latter, since it is not limited only to the reflection of objects, situations of objective reality, but also to displaying the observed, experienced, various phenomena of the person’s inner world and speech activity. Due to the nature of (...) information, the signifieds can be classed in cognitive, communicative, evaluative, exclamatory, and relational, where cognitive is the most essential since it is the basis of the communication content, a cognitive model which contains the knowledge of the speakers about the classes of realia. Thus, the cognitive signified is studied in terms of cognitive semantics, which describes the meaning as a result of categorisation and conceptualisation of the world by representatives of a particular culture and covers the experience, feelings, which may not correspond to the real situation. Hence, the cognitive signified is the frame for reflecting objective and subjective reality, being the result of cognition of individual realia in certain forms of human thinking. (shrink)

The article is an evaluation of Pollock’s anti-existentialist argument and its place in the contemporary debates about Existentialism. We demonstrate that the main contemporary objections to Pollock’s Anti-Existentialism can be grouped into two argumentative directions: Pollock’s supposed confusion of inner and outer truth ; Pollock’s assumption that there is such state of affairs as Socrates’s not existing. We also introduce an argument against Pollock`s crucial argumentative step against existentialism.

It is shown that the creation of artificial intelligence systems, gradually approaching human intelligence, cannot be limited by binary logic and the classical interpretation of the category of truth. The nature of human thinking is variable, which requires the use of flexible algorithmic platforms that operate with multivalued logic. It is shown that the existing approaches to the interpretation of the essence of intelligence, going back to the Turing test, are not consistent. More adequate is a criterion built on the (...) ability of the intellect to lie, including creative particulars. It is shown that using multi-valued logic is a promising tool for constructing the algorithmic basis of artificial intelligence. It is shown that the use of just such logic is of interest from the point of view of studying self-organization processes in a telecommunication environment, resulting in the appearance of “spontaneous intelligence”, too. An analogue of such intelligence, for example, is the phenomenon of bureaucracy. It is shown that the question of the essence of the intellect is a prerequisite for the further development of non-trivial logical systems since the functioning of the intellect cannot be reduced to the operations of classical formal logic. (shrink)

Scientific theories and methods developed within the framework of quantum and relativistic physics are the most representative paradigmatic instantiations of non-classical science. The profile of non-classical science is exposed through the analysis of a set of epistemic ideals and methodological principles. The adoption of the principle of operational relativity of phenomenal descriptions showed that a reference to the means of observation had become an intrinsic part of scientific description strategies. The transformation of the concept of objectivity can be seen in (...) a specific combination of operationalism with interactional phenomenalism and constructivism. The introduction of the principle of complementarity marked the deviation from the standards of a monologic and linear description of the objects under study. This principle provides the operational basis for the integration of different parts of our knowledge with regard to non-trivial cognitive situations featured by the indeterminacy relations. Another prominent methodological trend is the reconsideration of the value of strict deterministic explanation strategies in favour of probabilistically oriented approaches. Scientists have encountered a new class of regularities that are typically analysed in terms of various types of statistical and non-causal determination. Nevertheless, it would be wrong to assume that any probabilistic account of natural phenomena implies indeterminism. (shrink)

The article considers the issues of studying the self-actualization of the personality by the representatives of various conceptual schools. We consider distance learning in the higher education system as a capacity for opportunities, as the implementation of an individual approach in learning, motivating the student to self-learn, freedom from rigid binding to the territory and a certain period of time, objective assessment of learning results. The study's goal is to investigate the connection between the self-actualization of the personality and the (...) level of students' stress resistance in the process of distance learning. Research methods: questionnaires and testing. Based on theoretical analysis, the methodological basis of the study was determined in relation to the self-actualization of the personality as the highest level of its development in the context of humanistic psychology, distance learning. As a result of an empirical study, the authors of the article revealed the correlation between the ambition for self-actualization and the level of stress resistance. The ambition for self-actualization correlates with the level of assessment of one’s effectiveness in distance learning, and there are sex differences according to the criteria of the ambition for self-actualization and the level of stress resistance. (shrink)

In the 1980s, the “Al-Qaeda” launched the tactics of the struggle against the “Near and Far Enemy”. It found its ideological grounds in the Islamic extremism in the 1980-90s with practical implications, affecting the current geopolitical and global economic trends in the Muslim world and well beyond it. In the Islamic extremism ideology, this strategy also received textual-substantive justifications of symbolic perceptions, which, of course, influenced the behaviour of extremists. The present research attempts to investigate the peculiarities of the tactics (...) mentioned, which were masterminded and enriched by the ideologists of Islamic extremism, becoming one of the motives of the activities of Islamic extremists starting from the 1980s up to the current developments and one of the grounds for targets of Jihad. (shrink)

The article presents a new concept of sociology and social knowledge, according to which the calling and truth of social knowledge are to become and improve as a thought that understands and interprets the truth of human interaction and interimpaction. Therefore, social science and, in particular, sociology is rethought and improved as a “sociology of wisdom”.

The article provides a complex analysis of the problems of traditionalism in the teaching of Rene Guenon, a famous French philosopher author of works on metaphysics, symbolism and initiation. Attention is drawn to the fact that traditionalism sublimated and produced a theoretical formulation of ideals, systems, values aimed at the conscious cultivation of this worldview. The roots of the philosophical reflection of traditionalism, which originated in ancient times, starting with ancient Chinese and ancient Indian philosophy, through ancient Greek philosophy to (...) its modern doctrines, are analyzed. The concept of Tradition, which Guenon defined as the so-called Primordial Tradition, is considered. A comparative analysis of the problem of intellectual intuition of Rene Guenon and Henri Bergson in the context of social philosophy is carried out. Particular attention is paid to the concept of Rene Guenon’s philosophy of history, in which the basic position is occupied by the theory of cosmic cycles based on the cosmology of Hinduism. (shrink)

The article outlines the term-forming potential of the Ukrainian equivalents of computer verb terms. It is noted that taking into account verb-centricity as a defining feature of the grammatical system of the Ukrainian language, verb terms are essential elements of terminology in a particular field, including computer language. They play a significant role in shaping the thought, in achieving the accuracy and univocality of the information it carries. The proposed study aims to determine the potential of translated original computer verb (...) terms of the equivalent type in terms of their terminological capabilities in the Ukrainian language. It was ascertained that the creation of the Ukrainian verb term begins with translating the original English verb term. The type of translation, in its turn, determines the way of creation and the way of translation of a Ukrainian verb term. Translated verbs serve as a source for forming terms via semantic derivation with its main mechanisms – terminologization and trans-terminologization. This is conditioned by the part of speech category of the studied terms, the particular importance of verb semantics in the Ukrainian language. (shrink)

An essential point about Stoic philosophy is why certain arguments and rules are basic in their logic. That is the case of the indemonstrables and the themata. It has been proposed that assuming the theory of mental models, one can think that the five indemonstrables and two of the themata are easy to understand for the human mind. This can explain why those arguments and rules are essential components in Stoic logic. In addition, it is relevant because, given that the (...) theory of mental models tries to capture the real way people reason, it can show that Stoic logic is closer to the manner individuals naturally make inferences than modern propositional calculus. The present paper is intended to move forward in this direction. It has two aims: one of them is to give an account from the theory of mental models of all of the themata. The other one is to argue that a simple schema that is correct in modern propositional calculus, and which, however, is not deemed as a true syllogism in Stoic logic, is difficult for people according to the theory of mental models. Those are further pieces of evidence that Stoic logic describes the way human beings think to a greater extent than modern logic. (shrink)

Intellectual virtues and online information literacy are critical issues in education. This has a significant impact on the development of pre-service teachers’ learning skills, as they will play an important role in transferring knowledge to students in the future. This article investigates the relationship between intellectual virtues and information literacy among pre-service teachers on an online platform. To collect qualitative data, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions were used. Thirty pre-service teachers from three universities in northeastern Thailand served as key (...) informants. The philosophical analysis was used to analyze the data, along with phenomenological analysis. The results looked into the intellectual virtues that pre-service teachers needed to improve their learning skills. Curiosity played a role in encouraging pre-service teachers to improve their critical thinking skills when dealing with online information. Furthermore, intellectual thoroughness and intellectual attentiveness were helpful for pre-service teachers to improve information literacy skills. Improving pre-service teachers’ information literacy through various instructional approaches was beneficial in allowing them to make rational choices when accessing online information. The article suggests higher education institutes providing more instructional practices to pre-service teachers to boost their critical thinking skills and information literacy on an online platform. (shrink)

The research focuses on the philosophy of performative actionism. It refers to the contemporary practices of installations, happenings, monstrations and flash mobs on different topics as to the concept of pure action. Performance is regarded as the relevant understanding technique to manifest the currently popular dynamism principle of arts and philosophical anthropology. The research aims to analyse the art experience of the subject’s bodily actions to demonstrate their anthropological authenticity, social significance, legal value, epistemological activity, and political will. As a (...) result, authors conclude that non-semantic silent performances reveal limited possibilities of modern human self-realisation despite having several rights, freedoms and technologies to improve their lives. Performance is viewed as a conceptual model of individual functioning in the polyontic reality. As an alternative to the linguistic one, self-representation through performance is a rather flawed but relevant means of showing the nature of the subject’s existence in the contemporary social, legal, political and cultural environment. (shrink)

The purpose of the article is a socio-philosophical analysis of the conceptual and practical significance of the Russian education system in the consolidation of society on the path of its creation, development and resistance to modern social threats and dangers. The Russian education system is designed to form a high intellectual, strong-willed, creative-labour and protective potential not solely for the individual but also for all the citizens of the country. The potentials mentioned above should be formed in the modern education (...) system, ensuring its crucial role not only in the development of the Russian state but also in ensuring optimum efficient social relations and purposeful organization of national security. (shrink)

The study is devoted to the philosophical consideration of specific features of communication and education through the use of video games. The purpose of the research was to consider the specific features of communication in the process of interaction within video games, to reveal their educational potential and the difference in their use for educational purposes. The analysis of videogame definitions has allowed focusing on their specific features, namely: interactive, rule-based nature and the need of the specific hardware. As a (...) result, the possible types of dialogue within video games have been considered and, on their basis, the main types of interaction have been formulated for analyzing their use in education: interaction with no active player, player-videogame interaction in case of one-player videogames, player-videogame-player interaction and player-community-videogame interaction. In conclusion, the similarity of videogame playing and the learning process has been delineated in relation to the analyzed types of interaction. The authors state the further need for a comprehensive study of the specific features of each of described types due to the significant differences in the dialogue and educational potential of videogames belonging to them. (shrink)

The modern technological age dictates a fundamental reconstruction of almost all spheres of public life, where new problems and difficulties are added to the existing ones. Such volumes of information innovation imply a fundamental reconstruction of social life, as the latter has a significant impact on all spheres of human activity. The article is devoted to topical issues of legal regulation of scientific works copyright protection in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Armenia in the era of the development (...) of digital technologies. At the current stage of the development of digital technologies, a unique environment has been formed, which implies over-concentration in the fields of economy, politics, propaganda, science, law. Modern trends in the development of science and technology dictate the practice of applying new digital technologies, not only in various fields of activity but also in the field of copyright, where one of the key objects are works of science. The article presents some aspects of the legal regulation of the use of digital technologies in the field of copyright in order to create new mechanisms for the protection of scientific works. (shrink)

The article examines the socio-philosophical aspects of the formation of value orientations of modern engineering personnel in the context of high technologies and the digitalization of the economy. We analyzed such philosophical concepts as: “value”, “value orientation”, “engineer”, “engineering”, “technical culture”. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of the social functions of engineering in modern society. The mechanisms of the formation of value orientations of future engineers in higher education are considered. The conclusion is made that in conditions of (...) high technologies, the functions of engineering activity change. In particular, the predictive function of the engineer is increasing, as well as the requirement for his social and environmental responsibility. The process of forming the value orientations of the future engineer is particularly influenced by social, humanitarian and philosophical education, which contributes to the interiorization of information about such values that are necessary for successful professional and civic activities: life, health, morality, peace, preservation of the environment, professionalism, communication, humanism. (shrink)

The purpose of the article is to consider three important issues from the point of view of synergetic theory: global digitalization of society, digitalization of public administration and sociology of digital society. We consider that the new trend of informatization, which replaced computerization, internetization and networkization, should be recognized as digitalization as the creation of digital network platforms that have analytical and predictive functions. In the process of studying the global digital society, two main questions will be asked: How is (...) it different from the previous stage of information society? What problems of its development await us in the future? The authors reveal the last question with a scenario approach, denoting both a positive and an ambiguous perspective for the development of a digital society. The authors point to the need for the purposeful formation of social institutions in a digital society due to the complexity of the ongoing self-organizing processes. Consideration of the sociology of digital society begins with methodological problems associated with the study of a complex hybrid system due to the unification of real and virtual social spaces, the emergence of techno-subjects and some experience in the use of digital tools in sociology, allowing to work with interactive dynamic data. (shrink)

The article was prepared as one of the formats of the review of the monograph “Sociology of Digital Society” as part of the implementation of a comprehensive sociological study conducted with the financial support of Russian Fond for Basic Research, grant 20-011-00694 “Public Administration”. The authors consider interdisciplinary theoretical and methodological foundations for the formation of a digital society. The defining feature of the new stage of social development is hybridization, which implies the interpenetration of the real and virtual worlds, (...) in which the existence of a significant part of society has become equivalent. They justify the fundamental changes that are taking place in a digital society in all key aspects of public life: the transition to a platform economy, a change in the social structure characteristic of industrial society, a new nature of production attitudes and management styles. (shrink)