Abstract

In his paper "Machines and the Mental" Fred Dretske claims that there is a difference on principle between men on the one and animals and machines on the other side which arises from the fact that men are able to respond to the meaning of symbols whereas animals and machines can only respond to the symbols that have the meaning. In this paper it is argued that this claim does not bear closer scrutiny. Mainly for two reasons: 1. The mere having of a certain meaning does not rank among the possible causal properties of a symbol, not even in the case of men; for it is not the having of the meaning that may have certain effects on the behavior of a person, but the fact that the person associates this meaning with the symbol. 2. Even animals are capable to associate a meaning with a symbol, i. e. even animals can learn to come to believe that p if they become aware of a symbol which has the meaning that p.