Authors |
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Abstract |
It is often thought that traditional recidivism prediction tools used in criminal
sentencing, though biased in many ways, can straightforwardly avoid one particularly
pernicious type of bias: direct racial discrimination. They can avoid this by excluding race
from the list of variables employed to predict recidivism. A similar approach could be
taken to the design of newer, machine learning-based (ML) tools for predicting recidivism:
information about race could be withheld from the ML tool during its training phase,
ensuring that the resulting predictive model does not use race as an explicit predictor.
However, if race is correlated with measured recidivism in the training data, the ML tool
may ‘learn’ a perfect proxy for race. If such a proxy is found, the exclusion of race would
do nothing to weaken the correlation between risk (mis)classifications and race. Is this a
problem? We argue that, on some explanations of the wrongness of discrimination, it is.
On these explanations, the use of an ML tool that perfectly proxies race would (likely) be
more wrong than the use of a traditional tool that imperfectly proxies race. Indeed, on
some views, use of a perfect proxy for race is plausibly as wrong as explicit racial profiling.
We end by drawing out four implications of our arguments.
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Keywords | artificial intelligence AI ethics criminal justice ethics discrimination profiling machine learning |
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References found in this work BETA
Moral Dimensions: Permissibility, Meaning, Blame.Thomas Scanlon - 2008 - Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness.Michelle Alexander & Cornel West - 2010 - The New Press.
Complicity: Ethics and Law for a Collective Age.Christopher Kutz - 2000 - Cambridge University Press.
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