Abstract

Since antiquity, there have been different philosophical and scientific theories about erotic desire and sexual experience. In this work, we will identify the metaphysics of sexuality in the Judeo-Christian perspective of creation and in the irrationalist perspective of Schopenhauer’s atheistic pessimism. Christian theology sacralizes heterosexuality, rejecting the Gnostic antagonism between matter and spirit. In dialogue with contemporary feminist movements, we will try to present the different rational models that justify sexual differentiation and gender identity. We will develop an empathetic and non-homophobic dialogue with constructivist and existentialist theories that separate gender difference from the deterministic biologism of sexual difference. We will seek to verify the contribution of Christian personalist models to a spirituality of gender identity that reconciles culturalist theses and essentialist theses in the intelligibility of gender identity.