Abstract

We present a new pointer analysis for use in shared memory programs running on hierarchical parallel machines. The analysis is motivated by the partitioned global address space languages, in which programmers have control over data layout and threads and can directly read and write to memory associated with other threads. Titanium, UPC, Co-Array Fortran, X10, Chapel, and Fortress are all examples of such languages. The novelty of our analysis comes from the hierarchical machine model used, which captures the increasingly hierarchical nature of modern parallel machines. For example, the analysis can distinguish between pointers that can reference values within a thread, within a shared memory multiprocessor, or within a network of processors. The analysis is presented with a formal type system and operational semantics, articulating the various ways in which pointers can be used within a hierarchical machine model. The hierarchical analysis has several applications, including race detection, sequential consistency enforcement, and software caching. We present results of an implementation of the analysis, applying it to data race detection, and show that the hierarchical analysis is very effective at reducing the number of false races detected. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007.