Abstract

Modern science forms an inseparable whole with modern technology. A good deal, if not the greater part of present-day scientific research takes place in industrial research laboratories where science is practised in a technological setting and is exploited for technological ends. In The Netherlands, for instance, 60 to 70% of all the research in physics takes place in, or is financed by industry. For other highly industrialised countries the situation is not very much different. The foregoing means that scientists working on unified field theories, cosmological models, the foundations of quantum mechanics, evolution theory etc. can hardly be said to represent the whole of modern science. Clearly they form a minority among the community of scientists. Nevertheless, philosophers of science tend to direct their attention to the work of this minority and to base their models of science on it. As a consequence, the technological dimension of science, and the methodological problems connected with it, have stayed in the dark. However, in order to arrive at an adequate picture of modern science and of the way it develops, its technological dimension should be taken into account. For instance, the fact that solid state physics has become, in the course of this century, one of the major fields of research within the physical sciences, can only be understood on the basis of the technological relevance of the kind of knowledge produced by this type of research.