Abstract

Michel Malherbe’s translation is the first volume of a complete editorial project which intends to present and translate into French the whole 1777 edition of Hume’s Essays and Treatises on Several Subjects. Such a project does not only fulfill the need of a unified French translation of the last collection of Hume’s philosophical works. If the implications of Malherbe’s editorial intention go far beyond the French scholars’ expectations, it is because it matches Hume’s own editorial intention. Everybody knows that from 1753 on, Hume considered that his whole work should only include the following: Essays, Moral, Political and Literary, An Enquiry concerning Human Understanding, A Dissertation on the Passions, An Enquiry concerning the Principles of Morals, The Natural History of Religion. Neither the Treatise, which Hume formally rejected, nor the Dialogues, which were published two years after Hume’s death, belong to that collection. Malherbe does not claim faithfulness to the author’s intention for its own sake. He simply insists—and successfully proves in his foreword—that Hume’s editorial intention corresponds to a philosophical intention deserving a proper philosophical response. The original significance of the works that follow the Treatise is not in their contents, but in the new philosophical manner the author adopted to deal with his perpetual object: the elaboration of a science of human nature. Hume’s mature works are more positive without being dogmatic, and display a new “art of composition, adjustment and distinction”. They constantly aspire to reach perfection in their writing, where argumentative precision is achieved through simplicity and refinement. Malherbe calls this new manner an argumentative art of association. Freer than any systematical approach, it also demands a more active reading.