Ilustración y Romanticismo en la “Scienza Nuova”: la racionalidad del mito y el mito de la racionalidad

Cuadernos Sobre Vico 2:35-50 (1992)
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Abstract

Filosofía e Historia dormían en la placidez uterina del mito, cuando quizá el hecho del principio era el principio del hecho, donde acaso no era consciente la distinción entre el origen cronológico y el origen lógico. Pero Filosofía e Historia despertaron y, no acordándose de su matricial maridaje, acordaron mutuamente su divorcio. Tal vez fuera la querella entre Ilustración y Romanticismo la expresión "ideal" de esa escisión efectiva entre lo racional y lo histórico. No obstante, la propia conciencia histórica de la separación aportó justamente la posibilidad de su superación: la "conciencia histórica" misma. Y ése era el requisito necesario para una Filosofía de la Historia. La Scienza Nuova lo cumple porque, contando cómo efectivamente se reúnen Filosofía y Filología, relata idealmente la supresión del enfrentamiento ilustrado-romántico. Vico aporta una conciencia histórica que narra una nueva racionalidad, una modificación de la mente en que haciendo de la razón Historia y de la Historia razón se le restituye al mito su condición histórica y racional, a la par que Filosofía e Historia recuperan su mítica originalidad.Philosophy and History slept in the uterine peace of myth, where perhaps the fact of the beginning was the beginning of fact, where it was not conscious of the distinction between chronological origin and logical origin. But Philosophy and History woke up and, not remembering their initial marriage, they mutually agreed to divorce. Probably the struggle between Enlightenment and Romanticism was the "ideal" expression of this effective scission between the rational and the historical. However, this historical knowledge of the separation itself contributed to the very possibility of its being overcoming: the very conscience of history itself. This was the necessary requisite for a ‘Philosophy of History'. The New science fulfills this as, in effectively reuniting Philosophy and Philology, it ideally relates the suppression of the Enlightenment-Romanticism dichotomy. Vico contributes a historical conscience which tells of a new logic, a modification of the Mind which, in making history of reason and reason of history, returns to myth its historical and rational condition, just as Philosophy and History regain their mythical originality

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José A. Marín-Casanova
Universidad de Sevilla

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