Abstract

One of the philosophical principles concerning causality is the famous principle of the "one", which is closely related to the principle of the commensurability of the cause and effect with the emanation of plurality from unity.Many philosophers, such as Ibn Sina, consider this principle to be evident; however, they have tried to enrich it with some explanatory notes. Ibn Sina has demonstrated the principle of the "one" through the method of self-contradiction. His stipulation is based on a rational restriction so that accepting the contradictory alternative of the principle returns to combination and multiplicity in the essence of the cause, which is by itself in contradiction to the subject of the principle stating that the cause is one and simple.In contrast, Muslim theologians, particularly Fakhr al-Din Razi, have opposed this principle and criticized philosophers' arguments. In response to his objections, Tusi generally states that negating the object to the object and attributing something to another and accepting it demands two sides and cannot be realized only with one side. However, the emanation of a thing, which is the subject of the principle of the one, is realized only with the presence of one side, i.e. the cause. Mulla Sadra agrees with Tusi's argument except regarding two points. Nevertheless, 'Allamah Tabataba'i accepts Tusi's words when judging these two points