Abstract

Aristotle states in Metaphysics Z13 that nothing said universally τῶν ϰαϑόλου λεγομένων is substance, rather the substance of each thing is particular to it. The natural interpretation of this statement is that being said universally is a sufficient condition for not being substance. But this claim is very perplexing since it is the key premiss in the following apparently inconsistent set:Form is substance.Form is universal.Nothing universal or said universally is substance, rather the substance of something is particular ἴδιος to it.