Religious Perspectives on Social Responsibility in Health: Towards a Dialogical Approach

, & (eds.)
Springer Verlag (2018)
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Abstract

This book discuss the meaning and implications of the social and ethical implications of the notion of social responsibility in healthcare in six major world religions — Buddhism, Christianity, Confucianism, Hinduism, Islam, & Judaism. This collection of papers is based on a four-day workshop where bioethics experts from various religious traditions gathered. They discussed the ways in which their respective traditions could, or could not, uphold the tenets of Article 14 of UNESCO's Universal Declaration of bioethics and Human Rights. The different papers presented in this book are based on this interchange of ideas at the workshop. The book explores the potential points of convergence among the various perspectives presented, as well as a discussion on the ways in which their moral differences may be managed. The managing of these moral differences through international socio-ethical mechanisms, contributes significantly to the UNESCO Universal Declaration of Bioethics and Human Rights’ goal of simultaneously respecting religio-cultural pluralism while upholding a commitment to human rights.

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9783319718484   9783319718491   3030101231   3319718487

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10.1007/978-3-319-71849-1
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Chapters

Convergence and Cooperation in Social Responsibility in Health

Global health has been defined as the area of study, research, and practice that places a priority on improving health and achieving equity in health for all people worldwide. Despite the efforts of achieving equity, global health is characterized by disparities that have led to some discussion abou... see more

Life in Community: A Christian Response to Jonathan and Adina Halevy

The Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights includes social responsibility . As a community to which human belongs, it is considered by extension, even if human rights are always individual. SR according to the Talmud means providing in the most opportune moment, and one of the fundament... see more

Reflections on the Universality of Healthcare in Israel: A Jewish Response to Jonathan and Adina Halevy

Even though Israel is a secular state and most of its citizens identify as secular, the social, cultural, and spiritual legacy of Judaism is very prominent. The Bible contains the essence of Jewish ethics and is the base that nurtures the Jewish spirit. The result of the union of the Mishnah and Gue... see more

Jewish Religious Perspectives in the Israeli Healthcare System

Although the laws of the State of Israel are not based on the Jewish religious law but on secular law enacted by the Israeli Parliament , Jewish religious elements and values are deeply embedded in the decisions of the legislative bodies that concern the Israeli healthcare system. To this effect we ... see more

The Universal Human Right to Access to Effective Health Care: A Catholic Christian Response to Aasim Padela

In Western, democratic societies, law and faith are usually kept distinct. Nevertheless did religious ideas also have a significant impact on the development of legal ideas in the Western world. This has been most notable in the development of human rights law based on Natural Law thought. Yet, huma... see more

Contextualizing the Islamic Perspective on Social Responsibility: A Response to Aasim Padela

The sacredness of human life is shared by all religions and cultures, despite existing differences in the content and value that individuals and societies attribute to the idea of being healthy or sick. Being considered as the text of God, the Qur'an is the main source of moral and ethical principle... see more

Social Responsibility and the Moral Obligation Toward Providing Healthcare: An Islamic Ethico-legal Analysis

In this essay, I present an Islamic ethico-legal perspective on the relationships between social responsibility and the state’s provision of healthcare as part of a continuing dialogue between academics, policy stakeholders, and representatives of religious communities about the UNESCO Declaration o... see more

Reflections on Destiny, Forgiveness, and Reconciliation in Social Responsibility: A Christian Response to Vasantha Muthuswamy

In Hinduism there is an internal law that moves and guides all actions of a person which is “Dharma,” which literally means “to keep” or “maintain.” This law is sustained in itself by the practice of four virtues: love, truth, non-violence, and ethics. On the contrary, from a Christian perspective, ... see more

Karma in Bioethics Reasoning: A Hindu Response to Vasantha Muthuswamy

Some bioethicists explore the question of whether there are unique ways of understanding bioethics using philosophical concepts from the Indian philosophical tradition. One of the best known of such concepts is karma. Karma is a Sanskrit word that in common parlance means “as you sow, so shall you r... see more

Hinduism and Social Responsibility

Hinduism, known initially as Sanatana Dharma , is more of a “way of life” than an ideology; it is a lived religion, not simply a cognitive one. The Hindu way of life is a science of salvation to liberate the human beings from the cycle of births and rebirths so that the individual soul reunites with... see more

Social Responsibility and Health from a Confucian Perspective: A Confucian Response to Ruiping Fan

This brief paper is a response to Fan Ruiping’s interpretation and evaluation of Article 14 of the UNESCO Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights from a Confucian perspective. While I agree with the main thrust of Fan’s arguments, I focus on a few critical ideas in the paper. I discuss t... see more

Global Standards of Minimum Decency in Health: Social Responsibility and Health Care from a Confucian Perspective

This chapter argues for a Confucian perspective on social responsibility for health by commenting on Article 14 of the UNESCO Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights. It first indicates that Confucian tradition is supportive of the general ideal that it is a central purpose of government... see more

Minimun Decency as Ordinary and Proportionate Healthcare Provision: A Christian Response to Ruiping Fan

The endorsement of the first part of Article 14 by Confucianism in that governments should promote health and social developments of its people would find resonance in Catholic social teachings which promotes the exercise of authority as a service. The centrality of the family in society is similarl... see more

Virtuosity Beyond the Call of Duty: A Reply to David Heyd

In response to David Heyd’s article concerning supererogatory actions, I will attempt to make sense of the notion that there are degrees of goodness by proposing the foundations of a theory of the good which incorporates both duty-based and virtue-based understandings of ethics. Drawing from moral p... see more

Supererogation and Social Responsibility: A Response to Chris Durante

In this comment I suggest that the Parable of the Good Samaritan should be understood as distinguishing between three levels of normative guidance: the legal, the moral, and the supererogatory. The distinction between the obligatory and the supererogatory is taken as objective and independent of the... see more

Philantropic Healthcare: Christian Conceptions of Social Responsibility and Healthcare

Drawing primarily from the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic traditions, this essay will place the Christian tradition in dialogue with global bioethics by discussing the ways in which the ethical ideal of philanthropia speaks to the concept of social responsibility as it is explicated in the UNES... see more

On Human Rights and Freedom in Biomedical Ethics: A Christian Response to Ellen Zhang

In the effort to find convergence of ideas and applications from various traditions, the discussion of human rights and freedom from many religious and cultural perspectives is needed. This response to Zhang seeks to find that convergence among the Buddhist and a broad Christian view. As Zhang prese... see more

Rights Can Coexist with Buddhism: A Buddhist Response to Ellen Zhang

My response to Ellen Zhang’s article in the book is that I argue that the conception of individual rights can coexist with the basic tenets of Buddhist philosophy that emphasize interdependence and compassion. Normally these two traits make it rather difficult to see how the individual rights, which... see more

Karma, Compassion, and Dharma: A Buddhist Perspective on Social Responsibility and Healthcare—A Reflection in Light of Buddhism

This essay addresses social responsibility regarding the issue of healthcare from a Buddhist perspective. Traditionally, Buddhism is viewed as a contemplative religion which focuses on a solitary quest for emancipation and spiritual advancement rather than active engagement in the world or a social ... see more

Introduction

This volume is a collection of papers commissioned and presented in a 4-day workshop where bioethics experts from six major world religions—Buddhism, Christianity, Confucianism, Hinduism, Islam, and Judaism—gathered to discuss the meaning and implications of the social and ethical implications of th... see more

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